Benchmark Almanac

DUDE

Seed2.1 Pro 82.8% leads since June 2026
Fading

Models answer extractive, abstractive, and unanswerable questions about multi-page, multi-domain documents. Scored by ANLS.

Released
May 2023
Kind
Documents, charts and text in images
Level
Everyday
Scored
Checked automatically
Answers
Short answer
Tasks
All public
Strongest model tested
Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 #173 on the capability index
Last in a launch post
February 2026, dropped before it saturated
Last model added
June 2026

In the authors’ words

We call on the Document AI (DocAI) community to reevaluate current methodologies and embrace the challenge of creating more practically-oriented benchmarks. Document Understanding Dataset and Evaluation (DUDE) seeks to remediate the halted research progress in understanding visually-rich documents (VRDs). We present a new dataset with novelties related to types of questions, answers, and document layouts based on multi-industry, multi-domain, and multi-page VRDs of various origins, and dates. Moreover, we are pushing the boundaries of current methods by creating multi-task and multi-domain evaluation setups that more accurately simulate real-world situations where powerful generalization and adaptation under low-resource settings are desired. DUDE aims to set a new standard as a more practical, long-standing benchmark for the community, and we hope that it will lead to future extensions and contributions that address real-world challenges. Finally, our work illustrates the importance of finding more efficient ways to model language, images, and layout in DocAI.

Abstract of Document Understanding Dataset and Evaluation (DUDE) (arXiv:2305.08455, CC0)
4
Models scored in lab cards
3
Launch posts list it, from 2 labs
3
System cards report it, from 1 lab

Seed2.1 Pro leads with 82.8% among models released by June 2026

Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.

The newest model with a score here came out in June 2026, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

  1. 1 Seed2.1 Pro 82.8%
  2. 2 Seed2.0 Pro 72.4%
  3. 3 Seed1.8 69.4%
  4. 4 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 46%

Source: Labs’ model cards

#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 Seed2.1 Pro 82.8% Jun 2026 Lab model card
2 Seed2.0 Pro 72.4% Feb 2026 Lab model card
3 Seed1.8 69.4% Dec 2025 Lab model card
4 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 46% May 2024 Lab model card

4 models have held number one in labs’ own numbers since its release in May 2023

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.

Google DeepMind ByteDance Seed
Lab claims Not tested since Jun 2026
Seed2.1 Pro 82.8%

Source: Labs’ model cards

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) Seed2.1 Pro Seed2.0 Pro Gemini 1.5 Pro 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) Seed2.1 Pro Seed2.0 Pro

Source: Labs’ model cards

Labs headline it less often now, last in February 2026

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

Google DeepMind
ByteDance Seed
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
Feb 14, 2026 Seed2.0 Pro 72.4 DUDE
Dec 18, 2025 Seed1.8 69.4 DUDE
May 14, 2024 Gemini 1.5 Pro 46 DUDE (test), 0-shot (ANLS)

3 system cards report it, from 1 lab

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
Jun 23, 2026 Seed2.1 Pro model card 82.8 DUDE (Table 9) Capabilities
Mar 21, 2026 Seed1.8 model card 69.4 DUDE (Table 2) Capabilities
Feb 14, 2026 Seed2.0 Pro model card 72.4 DUDE (Table 8) Capabilities

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