ETHICS
Models predict common moral judgments about text scenarios covering justice, well-being, duties, virtues and commonsense morality.
ICLR 2021. Has normal and hard test splits.
- Made by
- UC Berkeley (Hendrycks et al.)
- Released
- August 2020
- Kind
- Deception and alignment
- Level
- Everyday
- Scored
- Checked automatically
- Answers
- Multiple choice
- Tasks
- All public
In the authors’ words
We show how to assess a language model's knowledge of basic concepts of morality. We introduce the ETHICS dataset, a new benchmark that spans concepts in justice, well-being, duties, virtues, and commonsense morality. Models predict widespread moral judgments about diverse text scenarios. This requires connecting physical and social world knowledge to value judgements, a capability that may enable us to steer chatbot outputs or eventually regularize open-ended reinforcement learning agents. With the ETHICS dataset, we find that current language models have a promising but incomplete ability to predict basic human ethical judgements. Our work shows that progress can be made on machine ethics today, and it provides a steppingstone toward AI that is aligned with human values.
ALBERT-xxlarge tops the leaderboard with 71%
Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders.
- 1 ALBERT-xxlarge standard 71%
- 2 RoBERTa-large standard 68%
- 3 BERT-large standard 56.1%
- 4 BERT-base standard 51.6%
- 5 GPT-3 (few-shot) standard 39.3%
- 6 Word Averaging standard 33.5%
Source: Official ETHICS leaderboard
| # | Entry | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ALBERT-xxlarge | 71% | standard | Official leaderboard | |
| 2 | RoBERTa-large | 68% | standard | Official leaderboard | |
| 3 | BERT-large | 56.1% | standard | Official leaderboard | |
| 4 | BERT-base | 51.6% | standard | Official leaderboard | |
| 5 | GPT-3 (few-shot) | 39.3% | standard | Official leaderboard | |
| 6 | Word Averaging | 33.5% | standard | Official leaderboard |
No lab model card reports it yet
We read the headline results of 522 launch posts from 52 labs, and none of them list this benchmark.
More in Safety and alignment
- FORTRESS In use Paired adversarial and benign national-security misuse prompts. Rubric-graded risk score on adversarial and over-refusal score on benign prompts. Claude Opus 5.5 5.78%
- StrongREJECT In use Forbidden-prompt jailbreak benchmark with a rubric grader that scores how useful a non-refusal actually is.
Inkling 98.6%
- Gray Swan IPI Arena benchmark In use Indirect prompt-injection attacks from public red-teaming competitions replayed on tool, coding and browser agents. Attack success rate at k attempts.
Gemini 4 Carbon 0%
- DistressBench In use Models reply as a chatbot to 718 simulated users in psychological crisis, in single-turn and multi-turn chats. Three judge models score replies against clinician-written rubrics.
Muse Spark 1.2 88.4%
- Lakera B3 (Backbone Breaker Benchmark) In use Crowdsourced prompt-injection attacks hit backbone LLMs inside agent threat snapshots at three defense levels. The score is attack resistance, 100 minus the board's vulnerability percentage. Claude Opus 4.5 89%
- IHEval In use Models face conflicts between system, user and tool instructions. Reports a composite score for following the higher-priority instruction. GPT-4o 70%