HumanEval-V
Models read a diagram and a function signature, then write Python code that must pass test cases. Tasks span six types of visual reasoning.
Tasks and diagrams are written by hand. Scores are pass@1.
- Made by
- Fengji Zhang, Jacky Keung et al.
- Released
- October 2024
- Kind
- Function-level problems
- Level
- University
- Scored
- Checked automatically
- Answers
- Code
- Tasks
- All public
- Strongest model tested
- o1 #117 on the capability index
- Last in a launch post
- January 2026, dropped before it saturated
- Last model added
- January 2026
- Scores refreshed
- November 12th, 2026
In the authors’ words
Understanding and reasoning over diagrams is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence. While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, existing benchmarks lack comprehensive evaluation of their diagram interpretation and reasoning abilities, particularly in coding contexts. We present HumanEval-V, a rigorous benchmark of human-annotated coding tasks that spans six task types and evaluates diverse visual reasoning capabilities. Each task features carefully crafted diagrams paired with function signatures and test cases, employing novel code generation tasks to thoroughly assess models' diagram comprehension. Through extensive experiments with 22 LMMs, we find that even top-performing models achieve modest success rates, with Claude 3.5 Sonnet reaching only 36.8% pass@1, highlighting substantial room for improvement. Our analysis reveals that current LMMs struggle with spatial transformations, topological relationships, and dynamic patterns that humans find intuitive. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing LMMs' visual reasoning abilities. We have open-sourced our code and benchmark at https://github.com/HumanEval-V/HumanEval-V-Benchmark.
o1 leads with 40.6% among models released by December 2024
Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Every run is in the next chart. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders.
STEP3-VL-10B leads with 66%, claims included
Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.
The newest model with a score here came out in December 2024, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Fable 5.2
-
Gemini 4 Carbon
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- and 16 more
- 40.6 o1
- 36.8 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024)
- 28.5
Gemini 1.5 Pro
- 27.7 GPT-4o
- 21.7
InternVL2_5-78B
- 21.3
Pixtral Large
- 19.0
QVQ-72B-Preview
- 18.6 Step 1o Vision
- 18.6
Gemini 1.5 Flash
- 18.2 GPT-4o mini
- 16.6 Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct
- 13.8 LLaVA-OneVision 72B
- 13.8
Pixtral 12B
- 8.30
InternVL2.5-26B
- 6.30 Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct
- 5.90 Phi-3.5-vision-instruct
- 5.90
Llama 3.2 90B
- 5.90
InternVL2.5-4B
- 5.10
LLaVA-OneVision 7B
- 5.10
Molmo-72B
- 5.10
InternVL2.5-8B
- 4.00
Llama 3.2 11B
- 2.80
Molmo-7B-D
- 1.20
Chameleon-7B
- 0.40
Chameleon-30B
- 1 o1 40.6%
- 2 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 36.8%
- 3
Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024, v2t2c 28.5%
- 4 GPT-4o Aug 2024 27.7%
- 5
InternVL2_5-78B v2t2c-4o 21.7%
- 6
Pixtral Large v2t2c 21.3%
- 7
QVQ-72B-Preview 19%
- 8 Step 1o Vision v2t2c-4o 18.6%
- 9
Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024, v2t2c-4o 18.6%
- 10 GPT-4o mini v2t2c-4o 18.2%
- 11 Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct v2t2c-4o 16.6%
- 12 LLaVA-OneVision 72B v2t2c-4o 13.8%
- 13
Pixtral 12B v2t2c-4o 13.8%
- 14
InternVL2.5-26B v2t2c-4o 8.30%
- 15 Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct v2t2c-4o 6.30%
- 16 Phi-3.5-vision-instruct v2t2c-4o 5.90%
- 17
Llama 3.2 90B v2t2c 5.90%
- 18
InternVL2.5-4B v2t2c-4o 5.90%
- 19
LLaVA-OneVision 7B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
- 20
Molmo-72B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
- 21
InternVL2.5-8B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
- 22
Llama 3.2 11B v2t2c-4o 4.00%
- 23
Molmo-7B-D v2t2c-4o 2.80%
- 24
Chameleon-7B v2t2c-4o 1.20%
- 25
Chameleon-30B v2t2c 0.40%
Source: Official HumanEval-V leaderboard
- 66.0
STEP3-VL-10B
- 40.6 o1
- 36.8 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024)
- 28.5
Gemini 1.5 Pro
- 27.7 GPT-4o
- 21.7
InternVL2_5-78B
- 21.3
Pixtral Large
- 19.0
QVQ-72B-Preview
- 18.6
Gemini 1.5 Flash
- 18.2 GPT-4o mini
- 16.6 Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct
- 13.8 LLaVA-OneVision 72B
- 13.8
Pixtral 12B
- 8.30
InternVL2.5-26B
- 6.30 Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct
- 5.90 Phi-3.5-vision-instruct
- 5.90
Llama 3.2 90B
- 5.90
InternVL2.5-4B
- 5.10
LLaVA-OneVision 7B
- 5.10
Molmo-72B
- 5.10
InternVL2.5-8B
- 4.00
Llama 3.2 11B
- 2.80
Molmo-7B-D
- 1.20
Chameleon-7B
- 0.40
Chameleon-30B
- 1
STEP3-VL-10B 66%
- 2 o1 40.6%
- 3 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 36.8%
- 4
Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024, v2t2c 28.5%
- 5 GPT-4o Aug 2024 27.7%
- 6
InternVL2_5-78B v2t2c-4o 21.7%
- 7
Pixtral Large v2t2c 21.3%
- 8
QVQ-72B-Preview 19%
- 9
Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024, v2t2c-4o 18.6%
- 10 GPT-4o mini v2t2c-4o 18.2%
- 11 Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct v2t2c-4o 16.6%
- 12 LLaVA-OneVision 72B v2t2c-4o 13.8%
- 13
Pixtral 12B v2t2c-4o 13.8%
- 14
InternVL2.5-26B v2t2c-4o 8.30%
- 15 Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct v2t2c-4o 6.30%
- 16 Phi-3.5-vision-instruct v2t2c-4o 5.90%
- 17
Llama 3.2 90B v2t2c 5.90%
- 18
InternVL2.5-4B v2t2c-4o 5.90%
- 19
LLaVA-OneVision 7B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
- 20
Molmo-72B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
- 21
InternVL2.5-8B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
- 22
Llama 3.2 11B v2t2c-4o 4.00%
- 23
Molmo-7B-D v2t2c-4o 2.80%
- 24
Chameleon-7B v2t2c-4o 1.20%
- 25
Chameleon-30B v2t2c 0.40%
Sources: Labs’ model cards and official HumanEval-V leaderboard
| # | Entry | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | o1 | 40.6% | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 2 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) | 36.8% | Oct 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 3 | | 28.5% | v2t2c | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 4 | GPT-4o Aug 2024 | 27.7% | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 5 | | 21.7% | v2t2c-4o | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 6 | | 21.3% | v2t2c | Nov 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 7 | | 19% | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 8 | Step 1o Vision | 18.6% | v2t2c-4o | Official leaderboard | |
| 9 | | 18.6% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 10 | GPT-4o mini | 18.2% | v2t2c-4o | Jul 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 11 | Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct | 16.6% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 12 | LLaVA-OneVision 72B | 13.8% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 13 | | 13.8% | v2t2c-4o | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 14 | | 8.30% | v2t2c-4o | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 15 | Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct | 6.30% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 16 | Phi-3.5-vision-instruct | 5.90% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 17 | | 5.90% | v2t2c | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 18 | | 5.90% | v2t2c-4o | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 19 | | 5.10% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 20 | | 5.10% | v2t2c-4o | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 21 | | 5.10% | v2t2c-4o | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 22 | | 4.00% | v2t2c-4o | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 23 | | 2.80% | v2t2c-4o | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 24 | | 1.20% | v2t2c-4o | Jun 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 25 | | 0.40% | v2t2c | Jun 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 66% | Jan 2026 | Lab model card | |
| 2 | o1 | 40.6% | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 3 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) | 36.8% | Oct 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 4 | | 28.5% | v2t2c | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 5 | GPT-4o Aug 2024 | 27.7% | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 6 | | 21.7% | v2t2c-4o | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 7 | | 21.3% | v2t2c | Nov 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 8 | | 19% | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 9 | | 18.6% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 10 | GPT-4o mini | 18.2% | v2t2c-4o | Jul 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 11 | Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct | 16.6% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 12 | LLaVA-OneVision 72B | 13.8% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 13 | | 13.8% | v2t2c-4o | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 14 | | 8.30% | v2t2c-4o | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 15 | Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct | 6.30% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 16 | Phi-3.5-vision-instruct | 5.90% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 17 | | 5.90% | v2t2c | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 18 | | 5.90% | v2t2c-4o | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 19 | | 5.10% | v2t2c-4o | Aug 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 20 | | 5.10% | v2t2c-4o | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 21 | | 5.10% | v2t2c-4o | Dec 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 22 | | 4.00% | v2t2c-4o | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 23 | | 2.80% | v2t2c-4o | Sep 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 24 | | 1.20% | v2t2c-4o | Jun 2024 | Official leaderboard |
| 25 | | 0.40% | v2t2c | Jun 2024 | Official leaderboard |
Labs report scores for 1 model in their cards. Switch the scores above to rank them together.
Scores at each effort level
Models the leaderboard ran at two or more effort levels. We don’t have enough cost data here to say what the extra effort costs.
Source: Official HumanEval-V leaderboard
3 models have held number one on the official leaderboard since its release in October 2024 4 models have held number one with claims included since its release in October 2024
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
Source: Official HumanEval-V leaderboard
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Sources: Official HumanEval-V leaderboard and labs’ model cards
Labs headline it less often now, last in January 2026
Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.
| Date | Launch post | Score | As the post writes it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 13, 2026 | 66 | HumanEval-V |
One system card reports it
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 14, 2026 | | 66 | HumanEval-V, SeRe (Table 1) | Capabilities |
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