Benchmark Almanac

HumanEval-V

o1 40.6% leads since December 2024
STEP3-VL-10B 66% leads since January 2026
Fading

Models read a diagram and a function signature, then write Python code that must pass test cases. Tasks span six types of visual reasoning.

Tasks and diagrams are written by hand. Scores are pass@1.

Released
October 2024
Kind
Function-level problems
Level
University
Scored
Checked automatically
Answers
Code
Tasks
All public
Strongest model tested
o1 #117 on the capability index
Last in a launch post
January 2026, dropped before it saturated
Last model added
January 2026
Scores refreshed
November 12th, 2026

In the authors’ words

Understanding and reasoning over diagrams is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence. While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, existing benchmarks lack comprehensive evaluation of their diagram interpretation and reasoning abilities, particularly in coding contexts. We present HumanEval-V, a rigorous benchmark of human-annotated coding tasks that spans six task types and evaluates diverse visual reasoning capabilities. Each task features carefully crafted diagrams paired with function signatures and test cases, employing novel code generation tasks to thoroughly assess models' diagram comprehension. Through extensive experiments with 22 LMMs, we find that even top-performing models achieve modest success rates, with Claude 3.5 Sonnet reaching only 36.8% pass@1, highlighting substantial room for improvement. Our analysis reveals that current LMMs struggle with spatial transformations, topological relationships, and dynamic patterns that humans find intuitive. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing LMMs' visual reasoning abilities. We have open-sourced our code and benchmark at https://github.com/HumanEval-V/HumanEval-V-Benchmark.

Abstract of HumanEval-V: Benchmarking High-Level Visual Reasoning with Complex Diagrams in Coding Tasks (arXiv:2410.12381, CC0)
25
Entries on its own leaderboard, 24 models we track
1
Launch post lists it, from 1 lab
1
System card reports it, from 1 lab

o1 leads with 40.6% among models released by December 2024

Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Every run is in the next chart. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders.

STEP3-VL-10B leads with 66%, claims included

Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.

The newest model with a score here came out in December 2024, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

  1. 1 o1 40.6%
  2. 2 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 36.8%
  3. 3 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024, v2t2c 28.5%
  4. 4 GPT-4o Aug 2024 27.7%
  5. 5 InternVL2_5-78B v2t2c-4o 21.7%
  6. 6 Pixtral Large v2t2c 21.3%
  7. 7 QVQ-72B-Preview 19%
  8. 8 Step 1o Vision v2t2c-4o 18.6%
  9. 9 Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024, v2t2c-4o 18.6%
  10. 10 GPT-4o mini v2t2c-4o 18.2%
  11. 11 Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct v2t2c-4o 16.6%
  12. 12 LLaVA-OneVision 72B v2t2c-4o 13.8%
  13. 13 Pixtral 12B v2t2c-4o 13.8%
  14. 14 InternVL2.5-26B v2t2c-4o 8.30%
  15. 15 Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct v2t2c-4o 6.30%
  16. 16 Phi-3.5-vision-instruct v2t2c-4o 5.90%
  17. 17 Llama 3.2 90B v2t2c 5.90%
  18. 18 InternVL2.5-4B v2t2c-4o 5.90%
  19. 19 LLaVA-OneVision 7B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
  20. 20 Molmo-72B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
  21. 21 InternVL2.5-8B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
  22. 22 Llama 3.2 11B v2t2c-4o 4.00%
  23. 23 Molmo-7B-D v2t2c-4o 2.80%
  24. 24 Chameleon-7B v2t2c-4o 1.20%
  25. 25 Chameleon-30B v2t2c 0.40%

Source: Official HumanEval-V leaderboard

#EntryScoreSettingDateSource
1 o1 40.6% Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
2 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 36.8% Oct 2024 Official leaderboard
3 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 28.5% v2t2c Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
4 GPT-4o Aug 2024 27.7% Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
5 InternVL2_5-78B 21.7% v2t2c-4o Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
6 Pixtral Large 21.3% v2t2c Nov 2024 Official leaderboard
7 QVQ-72B-Preview 19% Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
8 Step 1o Vision 18.6% v2t2c-4o Official leaderboard
9 Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 18.6% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
10 GPT-4o mini 18.2% v2t2c-4o Jul 2024 Official leaderboard
11 Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct 16.6% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
12 LLaVA-OneVision 72B 13.8% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
13 Pixtral 12B 13.8% v2t2c-4o Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
14 InternVL2.5-26B 8.30% v2t2c-4o Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
15 Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct 6.30% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
16 Phi-3.5-vision-instruct 5.90% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
17 Llama 3.2 90B 5.90% v2t2c Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
18 InternVL2.5-4B 5.90% v2t2c-4o Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
19 LLaVA-OneVision 7B 5.10% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
20 Molmo-72B 5.10% v2t2c-4o Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
21 InternVL2.5-8B 5.10% v2t2c-4o Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
22 Llama 3.2 11B 4.00% v2t2c-4o Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
23 Molmo-7B-D 2.80% v2t2c-4o Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
24 Chameleon-7B 1.20% v2t2c-4o Jun 2024 Official leaderboard
25 Chameleon-30B 0.40% v2t2c Jun 2024 Official leaderboard
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 STEP3-VL-10B 66% Jan 2026 Lab model card
2 o1 40.6% Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
3 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 36.8% Oct 2024 Official leaderboard
4 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 28.5% v2t2c Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
5 GPT-4o Aug 2024 27.7% Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
6 InternVL2_5-78B 21.7% v2t2c-4o Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
7 Pixtral Large 21.3% v2t2c Nov 2024 Official leaderboard
8 QVQ-72B-Preview 19% Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
9 Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 18.6% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
10 GPT-4o mini 18.2% v2t2c-4o Jul 2024 Official leaderboard
11 Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct 16.6% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
12 LLaVA-OneVision 72B 13.8% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
13 Pixtral 12B 13.8% v2t2c-4o Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
14 InternVL2.5-26B 8.30% v2t2c-4o Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
15 Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct 6.30% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
16 Phi-3.5-vision-instruct 5.90% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
17 Llama 3.2 90B 5.90% v2t2c Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
18 InternVL2.5-4B 5.90% v2t2c-4o Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
19 LLaVA-OneVision 7B 5.10% v2t2c-4o Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
20 Molmo-72B 5.10% v2t2c-4o Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
21 InternVL2.5-8B 5.10% v2t2c-4o Dec 2024 Official leaderboard
22 Llama 3.2 11B 4.00% v2t2c-4o Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
23 Molmo-7B-D 2.80% v2t2c-4o Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
24 Chameleon-7B 1.20% v2t2c-4o Jun 2024 Official leaderboard
25 Chameleon-30B 0.40% v2t2c Jun 2024 Official leaderboard

Labs report scores for 1 model in their cards. Switch the scores above to rank them together.

Scores at each effort level

Models the leaderboard ran at two or more effort levels. We don’t have enough cost data here to say what the extra effort costs.

Lowest effort to highest, light to dark
Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024)
v2c v2t2c-4o
36.8%
Gemini 1.5 Pro
v2c v2t2c-4o
28.5%
GPT-4o
v2c
27.7%
InternVL2_5-78B
v2c v2t2c v2t2c-4o
21.7%
Pixtral Large
v2c v2t2c
21.3%
Gemini 1.5 Flash
v2c v2t2c-4o
18.6%
GPT-4o mini
v2c v2t2c v2t2c-4o
18.2%
Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct
v2c v2t2c-4o
16.6%
LLaVA-OneVision 72B
v2c v2t2c v2t2c-4o
13.8%
Pixtral 12B
v2c v2t2c-4o
13.8%
InternVL2.5-26B
v2t2c v2t2c-4o
8.30%
Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct
v2c v2t2c-4o
6.30%

Source: Official HumanEval-V leaderboard

ModelEffortHarnessScoreCost per taskOutput tokens
o1 40.6%
Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 36.8%
Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) v2t2c 33.2%
Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) v2t2c-4o 31.6%
Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 v2t2c 28.5%
Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) v2c 28.1%
GPT-4o Aug 2024 27.7%
Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 v2t2c-4o 26.9%
GPT-4o Aug 2024 v2t2c 26.5%
GPT-4o Aug 2024 v2t2c-4o 26.5%
GPT-4o Aug 2024 v2c 24.1%
Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 v2c 23.3%
Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 22.9%
InternVL2_5-78B v2t2c-4o 21.7%
Pixtral Large v2t2c 21.3%
Pixtral Large v2t2c-4o 21.3%
QVQ-72B-Preview 19%
Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 v2t2c-4o 18.6%
GPT-4o mini v2t2c-4o 18.2%
InternVL2_5-78B v2t2c 17.8%
Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 17.4%
Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct v2t2c-4o 16.6%
Pixtral Large 16.6%
GPT-4o mini 15.8%
Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 v2t2c 15.8%
Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 v2c 15.4%
GPT-4o mini v2t2c 14.2%
Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct 14.2%
LLaVA-OneVision 72B v2t2c-4o 13.8%
Pixtral 12B v2t2c-4o 13.8%
InternVL2_5-78B 13.4%
Pixtral Large v2c 12.6%
InternVL2_5-78B v2c 12.3%
LLaVA-OneVision 72B v2t2c 10.7%
Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct v2t2c 10.7%
GPT-4o mini v2c 9.90%
Qwen2-VL-72B-Instruct v2c 9.10%
InternVL2.5-26B v2t2c-4o 8.30%
LLaVA-OneVision 72B v2c 6.70%
LLaVA-OneVision 72B 6.30%
Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct v2t2c-4o 6.30%
Pixtral 12B 6.30%
Phi-3.5-vision-instruct v2t2c-4o 5.90%
Llama 3.2 90B v2t2c 5.90%
InternVL2.5-4B v2t2c-4o 5.90%
Pixtral 12B v2t2c 5.50%
LLaVA-OneVision 7B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
Molmo-72B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
InternVL2.5-8B v2t2c-4o 5.10%
Llama 3.2 90B v2t2c-4o 4.70%
Llama 3.2 90B v2c 4.30%
InternVL2.5-26B 4.30%
Pixtral 12B v2c 4.00%
Llama 3.2 11B v2t2c-4o 4.00%
Llama 3.2 90B 4.00%
InternVL2.5-26B v2c 3.60%
Molmo-72B 3.20%
Molmo-72B v2c 3.20%
InternVL2.5-4B 3.20%
InternVL2.5-4B v2t2c 3.20%
Molmo-7B-D v2t2c-4o 2.80%
InternVL2.5-26B v2t2c 2.80%
Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct v2t2c 2.40%
LLaVA-OneVision 7B v2c 2.00%
LLaVA-OneVision 7B v2t2c 2.00%
Llama 3.2 11B v2c 2.00%
Llama 3.2 11B v2t2c 2.00%
LLaVA-OneVision 7B 1.60%
Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct 1.60%
Llama 3.2 11B 1.60%
Molmo-72B v2t2c 1.60%
Chameleon-7B v2t2c-4o 1.20%
Molmo-7B-D v2c 1.20%
InternVL2.5-4B v2c 1.20%
InternVL2.5-8B v2t2c 1.20%
Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct v2c 0.80%
Molmo-7B-D v2t2c 0.80%
InternVL2.5-8B 0.80%
InternVL2.5-8B v2c 0.80%
Chameleon-30B v2t2c 0.40%
Molmo-7B-D 0.40%
Chameleon-30B 0%
Chameleon-30B v2c 0%
Chameleon-30B v2t2c-4o 0%
Chameleon-7B 0%
Chameleon-7B v2c 0%
Chameleon-7B v2t2c 0%
Phi-3.5-vision-instruct 0%
Phi-3.5-vision-instruct v2c 0%
Phi-3.5-vision-instruct v2t2c 0%

3 models have held number one on the official leaderboard since its release in October 2024 4 models have held number one with claims included since its release in October 2024

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.

Google DeepMind Anthropic OpenAI
Own leaderboard Not tested since Dec 2024
o1 40.6%

Source: Official HumanEval-V leaderboard

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

On the benchmark’s own leaderboard Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) STEP3-VL-10B o1 Gemini 1.5 Pro GPT-4o mini Chameleon-7B 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) STEP3-VL-10B o1

Sources: Official HumanEval-V leaderboard and labs’ model cards

Labs headline it less often now, last in January 2026

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

StepFun
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
Jan 13, 2026 STEP3-VL-10B 66 HumanEval-V

One system card reports it

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
Jan 14, 2026 STEP3-VL-10B technical report 66 HumanEval-V, SeRe (Table 1) Capabilities

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