KMMLU
Models answer 35,030 Korean multiple-choice questions across 45 subjects, collected from original Korean exams. Scoring is accuracy.
- Made by
- HAE-RAE
- Released
- February 2024
- Kind
- Knowledge in many languages
- Level
- University
- Scored
- Checked automatically
- Answers
- Multiple choice
- Tasks
- All public
- Strongest model tested
-
Qwen2.5-72B #165 on the capability index
- Last in a launch post
- December 2025, dropped before it saturated
- Last model added
- January 2026
In the authors’ words
We propose KMMLU, a new Korean benchmark with 35,030 expert-level multiple-choice questions across 45 subjects ranging from humanities to STEM. While prior Korean benchmarks are translated from existing English benchmarks, KMMLU is collected from original Korean exams, capturing linguistic and cultural aspects of the Korean language. We test 27 public and proprietary LLMs and observe the best public model to score 50.5%, leaving significant room for improvement. This model was primarily trained for English and Chinese, not Korean. Current LLMs tailored to Korean, such as Polyglot-Ko, perform far worse. Surprisingly, even the most capable proprietary LLMs, e.g., GPT-4 and HyperCLOVA X do not exceed 60%. This suggests that further work is needed to improve LLMs for Korean, and we believe KMMLU offers the appropriate tool to track this progress. We make our dataset publicly available on the Hugging Face Hub and integrate the benchmark into EleutherAI's Language Model Evaluation Harness.
Solar Pro 2 leads with 77% among models released by December 2025
Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.
The newest model with a score here came out in December 2025, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Fable 5.2
-
Gemini 4 Carbon
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- and 16 more
- 1
Solar Pro 2 77%
- 2
Solar Open 100B 73%
- 3
Qwen2.5-72B 62%
- 4
Qwen2.5-32B 60.8%
- 5
Qwen2.5-14B 59.7%
- 6
Qwen2.5-7B 46.6%
Source: Labs’ model cards
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 77% | Jul 2025 | Lab model card | |
| 2 | | 73% | Dec 2025 | Lab model card | |
| 3 | | 62% | Sep 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 4 | | 60.8% | Dec 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 5 | | 59.7% | Dec 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 6 | | 46.6% | Dec 2024 | Lab model card |
2 models have held number one in labs’ own numbers since its release in February 2024
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
Source: Labs’ model cards
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Source: Labs’ model cards
Labs headline it less often now, last in December 2025
Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.
| Date | Launch post | Score | As the post writes it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 31, 2025 | 73 | KMMLU | |
| Jul 10, 2025 | 77 | KMMLU (0-shot) | |
| Sep 19, 2024 | 62 | KMMLU (Korean) |
5 system cards report it, from 2 labs
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 11, 2026 | | 73 | KMMLU (Table 5) | Capabilities |
| Dec 19, 2024 | | 46.6 | KMMLU (Korean), Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct (Table 14) | Capabilities |
| Dec 19, 2024 | | 62 | KMMLU (Korean), Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct (Table 13) | Capabilities |
| Dec 19, 2024 | | 60.8 | KMMLU (Korean), Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct (Table 13) | Capabilities |
| Dec 19, 2024 | | 59.7 | KMMLU (Korean), Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct (Table 14) | Capabilities |
More in Multilingual
- MMMLU In use MMLU professionally translated into 14 languages. Multiple-choice accuracy. Claude Mythos Preview 92.7%
- WMT24++ In use English-to-55-language translation of WMT24 test data. Scored with automatic metrics such as MetricX or xCOMET.
K-EXAONE 90.5%
- MMLU-ProX In use MMLU-Pro translated into up to 29 languages with expert review. Multiple-choice accuracy per language.
Qwen3.7-Max 87%
- CLIcK In use Models answer 1,995 multiple-choice questions on Korean language and culture. Questions come from official Korean exams and textbooks in eleven categories.
Solar Open 2 90.7%
- Global MMLU Lite 3.0 In use Models answer 400 human-translated MMLU questions per language in 23 languages. Version 3.0 adds Czech, Hungarian, Oriya, Slovak and Tajik and updates Italian. Accuracy.
Nemotron 3 Ultra 550B-A55B Base 90.1%
- MMMB In use Models answer multiple-choice questions about images in six languages across 15 categories. The set has about 12,000 questions. LFM2.5-VL-3B 83%