Benchmark Almanac

OpenAI-Proof Q&A

GPT-5.1-Codex-Max 8.00% leads since November 2025
Only in system cards

Agents diagnose 20 real OpenAI research and engineering bottlenecks using code, logs and run artifacts. Scored as pass@1.

In-house OpenAI AI self-improvement evaluation. Each problem took an OpenAI team over a day.

Made by
OpenAI
Released
August 2025
Kind
Labs' internal R&D tests
Level
Research frontier
Scored
Graded by a model
Answers
Agent task
Tasks
Kept private
Strongest model tested
GPT-5.5 #20 on the capability index
Last in a system card
April 2026
Last model added
April 2026
9
Models scored in lab cards
9
System cards report it, from 1 lab

2 models share the top score of 8.00% among models released by April 2026

Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.

The newest model with a score here came out in April 2026, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

  1. 8.00 GPT-5.1-Codex-Max
  2. 8.00 GPT-5.2 Codex
  3. 7.50 GPT-5.4 Mini
  4. 6.00 GPT-5.3 Codex
  5. 4.16 GPT-5.4
  6. 3.00 GPT-5.2
  7. 2.00 GPT-5
  8. 1.70 GPT-5.5
  9. 1.00 GPT-5 mini
  1. 1 GPT-5.1-Codex-Max 8.00%
  2. 2 GPT-5.2 Codex 8.00%
  3. 3 GPT-5.4 Mini 7.50%
  4. 4 GPT-5.3 Codex 6.00%
  5. 5 GPT-5.4 4.16%
  6. 6 GPT-5.2 3.00%
  7. 7 GPT-5 2.00%
  8. 8 GPT-5.5 1.70%
  9. 9 GPT-5 mini 1.00%

Source: Labs’ model cards

#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 GPT-5.1-Codex-Max 8.00% Nov 2025 Lab model card
2 GPT-5.2 Codex 8.00% Dec 2025 Lab model card
3 GPT-5.4 Mini 7.50% Mar 2026 Lab model card
4 GPT-5.3 Codex 6.00% Feb 2026 Lab model card
5 GPT-5.4 4.16% Mar 2026 Lab model card
6 GPT-5.2 3.00% Dec 2025 Lab model card
7 GPT-5 2.00% Aug 2025 Lab model card
8 GPT-5.5 1.70% Apr 2026 Lab model card
9 GPT-5 mini 1.00% Aug 2025 Lab model card

2 models have held number one in labs’ own numbers since its release in August 2025

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.

OpenAI
Lab claims Not tested since Apr 2026
GPT-5.1-Codex-Max 8.00%

Source: Labs’ model cards

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) GPT-5.1-Codex-Max GPT-5 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) GPT-5.1-Codex-Max

Source: Labs’ model cards

Labs report it only in system cards

We read the headline results of 522 launch posts from 52 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.

9 system cards report it, from 1 lab

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
Apr 23, 2026 GPT-5.5 system card 1.7 OpenAI-Proof Q&A, pass@1, printed chart label (Figure 22, 9.1.3.4) AI R&D risk
Mar 17, 2026 GPT-5.4 Mini system card 7.5 OpenAI-Proof Q&A v0 (OPQA), pass@1 (Table 20) AI R&D risk
Mar 5, 2026 GPT-5.4 system card 4.16 OpenAI-Proof Q&A, pass@1, printed chart label (Figure 17, 5.1.3.3) AI R&D risk
Feb 5, 2026 GPT-5.3 Codex system card 6 OpenAI-Proof Q&A, pass@1, printed chart label (Figure 9, 5.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
Dec 18, 2025 GPT-5.2 Codex system card addendum 8 OpenAI-Proof Q&A, pass@1, printed chart label (Figure 12, 5.1.3.4) AI R&D risk
Dec 11, 2025 GPT-5.2 system card addendum 3 OpenAI-Proof Q&A (OPQA), pass@1, no browsing, printed chart label (Figure 16) AI R&D risk
Nov 18, 2025 GPT-5.1-Codex-Max system card 8 OpenAI-Proof Q&A, pass@1, printed chart label (8% also with refusals counted) (Figure 14, 5.1.3.5) AI R&D risk
Aug 7, 2025 GPT-5 system card 2 OpenAI-Proof Q&A, pass@1, no browsing launch candidate (Figure 26) AI R&D risk
Aug 7, 2025 GPT-5 mini system card 1 OpenAI-Proof Q&A, pass@1, gpt-5-thinking-mini launch candidate (Figure 26) AI R&D risk

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