Benchmark Almanac

OpenAI

Best on the Capabilities Index GPT-6 Astra 169.0
101 models 51 model cards read openai.com

How does OpenAI stack up?

Every model on Epoch AI's Capabilities Index by release date, with OpenAI's in color.

50 100 150 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 GPT-6.1 Terra GPT-5.6 Terra 50 100 150 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 GPT-6.1 Terra

Source: Epoch Capabilities Index, Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0)

OpenAI's best models

OpenAI Sep 2026

GPT-6 Astra

Closed weights Flagship

169.0 #3 of 256
Epoch Capabilities Index
Self-Reported Index 172.1 #3 of 404
  • Humanity's Last Exam 54.8% #1 /47
  • DeepSWE 74.1% #1 /28
  • AutomationBench 41.4% #7 /42
OpenAI Sep 2026

GPT-6.1 Sol

Closed weights Mid-size

168.5 #5 of 256
Epoch Capabilities Index
Self-Reported Index 164.0 #15 of 404
  • MultiChallenge 82% #1 /42
  • Terminal-Bench 4.0 58.2% #5 /40
  • GPQA Diamond 95.4% #6 /229
OpenAI Oct 2026

GPT-6.1 Terra

Closed weights

167.7 #6 of 256
Epoch Capabilities Index
Self-Reported Index 159.8 #32 of 404
  • MultiChallenge 74.2% #7 /42
  • Terminal-Bench 4.0 51.8% #8 /40
  • GPQA Diamond 94.3% #11 /229
OpenAI Sep 2026

GPT-6 Sol

Closed weights Mid-size

163.8 #12 of 256
Epoch Capabilities Index
Self-Reported Index 161.9 #22 of 404
  • AutomationBench 33.2% #8 /42
  • Agents' Last Exam 32.2% #5 /31
  • Terminal-Bench 4.0 49.4% #9 /40
OpenAI Jul 2026

GPT-5.6 Sol

Closed weights Flagship

163.0 #13 of 256
Epoch Capabilities Index
Self-Reported Index 162.6 #19 of 404
  • MMMU-Pro 84.6% #1 /90
  • DeepSWE 72.7% #4 /28
  • AutomationBench 28.8% #11 /42
OpenAI Apr 2026

GPT-5.5 Pro

Closed weights

162.7 #14 of 256
Epoch Capabilities Index
  • GPQA Diamond 93.9% #16 /229
  • FrontierMath Tier 4 39.6% #2 /55
  • ProtocolQA Open-Ended 36.7% #13 /27

What benchmarks does OpenAI mention most?

Here are the 28 benchmarks OpenAI mentions most in its launch posts.

Source: Labs’ launch posts, read by Benchmark Almanac

Model cards

DateModelDocumentBenchmarks
Nov 5, 2026 GPT-6 Cyber GPT-6 Cyber deployment safety 15
Oct 26, 2026 GPT-6.1 Terra Introducing GPT-6.1 Terra (OpenAI) 5
Sep 29, 2026 GPT-6.1 Sol Introducing GPT-6.1 Sol 5
Sep 22, 2026 GPT-6 Luna Introducing GPT-6 Sol and Luna (OpenAI) 6
Sep 22, 2026 GPT-6 Sol Introducing GPT-6 Sol and Luna 5
Sep 3, 2026 GPT-6 Astra GPT-6 Astra: A new generation of intelligence 24
Jul 29, 2026 GPT-Live-Transcribe GPT-Live-Transcribe and GPT-Transcribe: Two New Transcription Models in the API (OpenAI Developer Community) 3
Jul 9, 2026 GPT-5.6 Luna GPT-5.6 (OpenAI) 29
Jul 9, 2026 GPT-5.6 Terra GPT-5.6 (OpenAI) 29
Jul 9, 2026 GPT-5.6 Sol GPT-5.6: Frontier intelligence that scales with your ambition 24
Jul 8, 2026 GPT-Live-1 Introducing GPT-Live-1 in the API (OpenAI) 3
May 7, 2026 GPT-Realtime-2 Advancing voice intelligence with new models in the API (OpenAI) 2
May 5, 2026 GPT-5.5 Instant GPT-5.5 Instant (OpenAI) 5
Apr 23, 2026 GPT-5.5 Pro Introducing GPT-5.5 (OpenAI) 7
Apr 23, 2026 GPT-5.5 Introducing GPT-5.5 24
Mar 17, 2026 GPT-5.4 Nano Introducing GPT-5.4 mini and nano (OpenAI) 12
Mar 17, 2026 GPT-5.4 Mini Introducing GPT-5.4 mini and nano 12
Mar 5, 2026 GPT-5.4 Pro Introducing GPT-5.4 (OpenAI) 11
Mar 5, 2026 GPT-5.4 Introducing GPT-5.4 24
Feb 12, 2026 GPT-5.3-Codex-Spark Introducing GPT-5.3-Codex-Spark (OpenAI) 2
Feb 5, 2026 GPT-5.3 Codex Introducing GPT-5.3-Codex 5
Dec 18, 2025 GPT-5.2 Codex Introducing GPT-5.2-Codex (OpenAI) 3
Dec 11, 2025 GPT-5.2 Pro Introducing GPT-5.2 (OpenAI) 9
Dec 11, 2025 GPT-5.2 Introducing GPT-5.2 13
Nov 19, 2025 GPT-5.1-Codex-Max Building more with GPT-5.1-Codex-Max (OpenAI) 3
Nov 13, 2025 GPT-5.1 Introducing GPT-5.1 for developers (Appendix: Model evaluations) 7
Sep 15, 2025 GPT-5-Codex Introducing upgrades to Codex (OpenAI) 2
Aug 28, 2025 gpt-realtime Introducing gpt-realtime and Realtime API updates for production voice agents (OpenAI) 3
Aug 7, 2025 GPT-5 nano Introducing GPT-5 for developers (OpenAI) 23
Aug 7, 2025 GPT-5 mini Introducing GPT-5 for developers (OpenAI) 23
Aug 7, 2025 GPT-5 Introducing GPT-5 21
Aug 5, 2025 gpt-oss-20b Introducing gpt-oss (OpenAI) 9
Aug 5, 2025 gpt-oss-120b Introducing gpt-oss 9
Jul 17, 2025 ChatGPT agent Introducing ChatGPT agent: bridging research and action (OpenAI) 7
Jun 10, 2025 o3-pro Launching OpenAI o3-pro (OpenAI Model Release Notes) 3
May 16, 2025 codex-1 Introducing Codex (OpenAI) 1
Apr 16, 2025 o4-mini Introducing OpenAI o3 and o4-mini (OpenAI) 14
Apr 16, 2025 o3 Introducing OpenAI o3 and o4-mini 14
Apr 14, 2025 GPT-4.1 nano Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API (OpenAI) 18
Apr 14, 2025 GPT-4.1 mini Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API (OpenAI) 19
Apr 14, 2025 GPT-4.1 Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API 10
Feb 27, 2025 GPT-4.5 Introducing GPT-4.5 8
Feb 2, 2025 OpenAI deep research Introducing deep research (OpenAI) 2
Jan 31, 2025 o3-mini OpenAI o3-mini 10
Jan 23, 2025 OpenAI Computer-Using Agent (CUA) Computer-Using Agent (OpenAI) 3
Dec 17, 2024 o1 OpenAI o1 and new tools for developers 11
Sep 12, 2024 o1-preview Learning to Reason with LLMs (Appendix A) 7
Jul 18, 2024 GPT-4o mini GPT-4o mini: advancing cost-efficient intelligence 8
May 13, 2024 GPT-4o May 2024 Hello GPT-4o 14
Apr 11, 2024 GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 openai/simple-evals README (initial results table) 6
Mar 14, 2023 GPT-4 Mar 2023 GPT-4 Technical Report (Table 2) + GPT-4 research post (visual inputs table) 15

Every OpenAI model