SuperCLUE-Safety
Chinese language models answer 4,912 open-ended safety questions over more than 20 sub-dimensions in multi-round adversarial dialogues. Follow-up turns push harder than the first prompt.
Built after China's generative AI rules took effect on August 15th, 2023. The paper tested 13 models. The board last added models on January 4th, 2024.
- Made by
- CLUE benchmark team (SuperCLUE)
- Released
- September 2023
- Kind
- Jailbreaks and prompt injection
- Level
- Everyday
- Scored
- Graded by a model
- Answers
- Open-ended
- Tasks
- Kept private
- Strongest model tested
- GPT-4 Jun 2023 #184 on the capability index
- Last model added
- November 2023
- Scores refreshed
- November 12th, 2026
In the authors’ words
Large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT and GPT-4, have demonstrated remarkable abilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, alongside their positive impact on our daily tasks, they can also produce harmful content that negatively affects societal perceptions. To systematically assess the safety of Chinese LLMs, we introduce SuperCLUE-Safety (SC-Safety) - a multi-round adversarial benchmark with 4912 open-ended questions covering more than 20 safety sub-dimensions. Adversarial human-model interactions and conversations significantly increase the challenges compared to existing methods. Experiments on 13 major LLMs supporting Chinese yield the following insights: 1) Closed-source models outperform open-sourced ones in terms of safety; 2) Models released from China demonstrate comparable safety levels to LLMs like GPT-3.5-turbo; 3) Some smaller models with 6B-13B parameters can compete effectively in terms of safety. By introducing SC-Safety, we aim to promote collaborative efforts to create safer and more trustworthy LLMs. The benchmark and findings provide guidance on model selection. Our benchmark can be found at https://www.CLUEbenchmarks.com
BlueLM tops the leaderboard with 92.5
Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders. The best model we track is Yi-34B, at 89.3.
The newest model with a score here came out in November 2023, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Fable 5.2
-
Gemini 4 Carbon
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- and 16 more
- 92.5 BlueLM
- 90.9 AndesGPT
- 89.3
Yi-34B
- 88.9 文心一言4.0
- 87.4 GPT-4
- 86.2 讯飞星火(v3.0)
- 85.3 360gpt-pro
- 85.0 讯飞星火(v2.0)
- 83.8 GPT-3.5 Turbo
- 81.2 文心一言3.5
- 79.8 ChatGLM2-Pro
- 79.4 chatglm2-6b
- 78.8 Baichuan2-13B-Chat
- 78.6
Qwen-7B
- 78.2 OpenBuddy-Llama2-70B
- 77.5
Llama 2-13B
- 76.5 360GPT_S2_V94
- 75.4 Chinese-Alpaca2-13B
- 71.9 MiniMax-Abab5.5
- 1 BlueLM 92.5
- 2 AndesGPT 90.9
- 3
Yi-34B 89.3
- 4 文心一言4.0 88.9
- 5 GPT-4 Jun 2023 87.4
- 6 讯飞星火(v3.0) 86.2
- 7 360gpt-pro 85.3
- 8 讯飞星火(v2.0) 85.0
- 9 GPT-3.5 Turbo Jun 2023 83.8
- 10 文心一言3.5 81.2
- 11 ChatGLM2-Pro 79.8
- 12 chatglm2-6b 79.4
- 13 Baichuan2-13B-Chat 78.8
- 14
Qwen-7B 78.6
- 15 OpenBuddy-Llama2-70B 78.2
- 16
Llama 2-13B 77.5
- 17 360GPT_S2_V94 76.5
- 18 Chinese-Alpaca2-13B 75.4
- 19 MiniMax-Abab5.5 71.9
Source: Official SuperCLUE-Safety leaderboard
| # | Entry | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BlueLM | 92.5 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 2 | AndesGPT | 90.9 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 3 | | 89.3 | Nov 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 4 | 文心一言4.0 | 88.9 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 5 | GPT-4 Jun 2023 | 87.4 | Jun 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 6 | 讯飞星火(v3.0) | 86.2 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 7 | 360gpt-pro | 85.3 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 8 | 讯飞星火(v2.0) | 85.0 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 9 | GPT-3.5 Turbo Jun 2023 | 83.8 | Jun 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 10 | 文心一言3.5 | 81.2 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 11 | ChatGLM2-Pro | 79.8 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 12 | chatglm2-6b | 79.4 | Jun 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 13 | Baichuan2-13B-Chat | 78.8 | Sep 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 14 | | 78.6 | Sep 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 15 | OpenBuddy-Llama2-70B | 78.2 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 16 | | 77.5 | Jul 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 17 | 360GPT_S2_V94 | 76.5 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 18 | Chinese-Alpaca2-13B | 75.4 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 19 | MiniMax-Abab5.5 | 71.9 | Oct 2023 | Official leaderboard |
2 models have held number one on the official leaderboard since its release in September 2023
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
Source: Official SuperCLUE-Safety leaderboard
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Source: Official SuperCLUE-Safety leaderboard
No lab model card reports it yet
We read the headline results of 522 launch posts from 52 labs, and none of them list this benchmark.
More in Safety and alignment
- FORTRESS In use Paired adversarial and benign national-security misuse prompts. Rubric-graded risk score on adversarial and over-refusal score on benign prompts. Claude Opus 5.5 5.78%
- StrongREJECT In use Forbidden-prompt jailbreak benchmark with a rubric grader that scores how useful a non-refusal actually is.
Inkling 98.6%
- Gray Swan IPI Arena benchmark In use Indirect prompt-injection attacks from public red-teaming competitions replayed on tool, coding and browser agents. Attack success rate at k attempts.
Gemini 4 Carbon 0%
- DistressBench In use Models reply as a chatbot to 718 simulated users in psychological crisis, in single-turn and multi-turn chats. Three judge models score replies against clinician-written rubrics.
Muse Spark 1.2 88.4%
- Lakera B3 (Backbone Breaker Benchmark) In use Crowdsourced prompt-injection attacks hit backbone LLMs inside agent threat snapshots at three defense levels. The score is attack resistance, 100 minus the board's vulnerability percentage. Claude Opus 4.5 89%
- IHEval In use Models face conflicts between system, user and tool instructions. Reports a composite score for following the higher-priority instruction. GPT-4o 70%