Benchmark Almanac

FACTS Parametric

GPT-6 Astra 83.1% leads since September 2026
GPT-6 Astra 83.1% leads since September 2026
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Models answer closed-book factoid questions from their own knowledge, without tools. A judge model grades each answer.

1,052 public and 1,052 private questions. Part of the FACTS Benchmark Suite.

Released
December 2025
Kind
Short factual questions
Level
University
Scored
Graded by a model
Answers
Short answer
Tasks
Public, plus a private test set
Strongest model tested
GPT-6 Astra #3 on the capability index
Last in a launch post
April 2026, dropped before it saturated
Last model added
October 2026
Scores refreshed
November 12th, 2026

In the authors’ words

We introduce The FACTS Leaderboard, an online leaderboard suite and associated set of benchmarks that comprehensively evaluates the ability of language models to generate factually accurate text across diverse scenarios. The suite provides a holistic measure of factuality by aggregating the performance of models on four distinct sub-leaderboards: (1) FACTS Multimodal, which measures the factuality of responses to image-based questions; (2) FACTS Parametric, which assesses models' world knowledge by answering closed-book factoid questions from internal parameters; (3) FACTS Search, which evaluates factuality in information-seeking scenarios, where the model must use a search API; and (4) FACTS Grounding (v2), which evaluates whether long-form responses are grounded in provided documents, featuring significantly improved judge models. Each sub-leaderboard employs automated judge models to score model responses, and the final suite score is an average of the four components, designed to provide a robust and balanced assessment of a model's overall factuality. The FACTS Leaderboard Suite will be actively maintained, containing both public and private splits to allow for external participation while guarding its integrity. It can be found at https://www.kaggle.com/benchmarks/google/facts .

Abstract of The FACTS Leaderboard: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Large Language Model Factuality (arXiv:2512.10791, CC0)
46
Entries on its own leaderboard, 45 models we track
1
Launch post lists it, from 1 lab

GPT-6 Astra leads with 83.1%

Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders.

GPT-6 Astra leads with 83.1%, claims included

Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.

  1. 1 GPT-6 Astra 83.1%
  2. 2 GPT-6.1 Sol 82.1%
  3. 3 GPT-5.6 Sol 80.7%
  4. 4 Gemini 3.1 Pro 79%
  5. 5 Gemini 3.7 Flash 78.7%
  6. 6 GPT-5.5 78%
  7. 7 Gemini 3.8 Flash 77.3%
  8. 8 GPT-6 Sol 75.6%
  9. 9 Gemini 3.5 Flash 73.5%
  10. 10 Gemini 3.6 Flash 73.3%
  11. 11 Gemini 3 Flash 72.3%
  12. 12 Gemini 4 Argon 71.5%
  13. 13 Gemini 2.5 Pro Jun 2025 63.2%
  14. 14 Grok 4 58.6%
  15. 15 Claude Opus 5.5 57.9%
  16. 16 o3 57.1%
  17. 17 GPT-5.6 Terra 56.7%
  18. 18 GPT-5 55.8%
  19. 19 GPT-4.1 51.5%
  20. 20 Claude Opus 5 48.8%
  21. 21 Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite 48.4%
  22. 22 Grok 4.5 46.8%
  23. 23 Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite 43.4%
  24. 24 GPT-5.1 43.2%
  25. 25 Claude Opus 4.7 38.8%
  26. 26 Claude Opus 4.1 33.2%
  27. 27 Gemini 2.5 Flash Jun 2025 30.7%
  28. 28 Claude Opus 4.5 30.6%
  29. 29 Claude Sonnet 4.5 thinking 29%
  30. 30 Claude Opus 4.8 25.1%
  31. 31 GPT-5.6 Luna 25%
  32. 32 DeepSeek-R1 May 2025 20.8%
  33. 33 o4-mini 20.5%
  34. 34 Claude Sonnet 4 20.4%
  35. 35 GPT-5 mini 16.1%
  36. 36 Grok 4 Fast reasoning 15.8%
  37. 37 Qwen 3 235B A22B Instruct 2506 13.6%
  38. 38 Claude Haiku 5.5 13.1%
  39. 39 gpt-oss-120b 10.7%
  40. 40 Gemma 4 31B IT 7.79%
  41. 41 Gemma 3 27B 6.27%
  42. 42 Gemma 4 26B A4B 5.69%
  43. 43 Mistral Small 3.1 5.47%
  44. 44 Gemma 3 12B 3.56%
  45. 45 gpt-oss-20b 2.90%
  46. 46 Gemma 3 4B 1.57%

Source: Official FACTS Parametric leaderboard

Sources: Official FACTS Parametric leaderboard and labs’ model cards

#EntryScoreSettingDateSource
1 GPT-6 Astra 83.1% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
2 GPT-6.1 Sol 82.1% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
3 GPT-5.6 Sol 80.7% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
4 Gemini 3.1 Pro 79% Feb 2026 Official leaderboard
5 Gemini 3.7 Flash 78.7% Aug 2026 Official leaderboard
6 GPT-5.5 78% Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
7 Gemini 3.8 Flash 77.3% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
8 GPT-6 Sol 75.6% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
9 Gemini 3.5 Flash 73.5% May 2026 Official leaderboard
10 Gemini 3.6 Flash 73.3% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
11 Gemini 3 Flash 72.3% Dec 2025 Official leaderboard
12 Gemini 4 Argon 71.5% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
13 Gemini 2.5 Pro Jun 2025 63.2% Jun 2025 Official leaderboard
14 Grok 4 58.6% Jul 2025 Official leaderboard
15 Claude Opus 5.5 57.9% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
16 o3 57.1% Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
17 GPT-5.6 Terra 56.7% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
18 GPT-5 55.8% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
19 GPT-4.1 51.5% Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
20 Claude Opus 5 48.8% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
21 Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite 48.4% Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
22 Grok 4.5 46.8% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
23 Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite 43.4% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
24 GPT-5.1 43.2% Nov 2025 Official leaderboard
25 Claude Opus 4.7 38.8% Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
26 Claude Opus 4.1 33.2% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
27 Gemini 2.5 Flash Jun 2025 30.7% Jun 2025 Official leaderboard
28 Claude Opus 4.5 30.6% Nov 2025 Official leaderboard
29 Claude Sonnet 4.5 29% thinking Sep 2025 Official leaderboard
30 Claude Opus 4.8 25.1% May 2026 Official leaderboard
31 GPT-5.6 Luna 25% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
32 DeepSeek-R1 May 2025 20.8% May 2025 Official leaderboard
33 o4-mini 20.5% Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
34 Claude Sonnet 4 20.4% May 2025 Official leaderboard
35 GPT-5 mini 16.1% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
36 Grok 4 Fast 15.8% reasoning Sep 2025 Official leaderboard
37 Qwen 3 235B A22B Instruct 2506 13.6% Sep 2025 Official leaderboard
38 Claude Haiku 5.5 13.1% Oct 2026 Official leaderboard
39 gpt-oss-120b 10.7% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
40 Gemma 4 31B IT 7.79% Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
41 Gemma 3 27B 6.27% Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
42 Gemma 4 26B A4B 5.69% Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
43 Mistral Small 3.1 5.47% Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
44 Gemma 3 12B 3.56% Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
45 gpt-oss-20b 2.90% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
46 Gemma 3 4B 1.57% Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 GPT-6 Astra 83.1% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
2 GPT-6.1 Sol 82.1% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
3 GPT-5.6 Sol 80.7% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
4 Gemini 3.1 Pro 79% Feb 2026 Official leaderboard
5 Gemini 3.7 Flash 78.7% Aug 2026 Official leaderboard
6 GPT-5.5 78% Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
7 Gemini 3.8 Flash 77.3% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
8 GPT-6 Sol 75.6% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
9 Gemini 3.5 Flash 73.5% May 2026 Official leaderboard
10 Gemini 3.6 Flash 73.3% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
11 Gemini 3 Flash 72.3% Dec 2025 Official leaderboard
12 Gemini 4 Argon 71.5% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
13 Gemini 2.5 Pro Jun 2025 63.2% Jun 2025 Official leaderboard
14 DeepSeek-V4-Pro 62.6% Apr 2026 Lab model card
15 Grok 4 58.6% Jul 2025 Official leaderboard
16 Claude Opus 5.5 57.9% Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
17 o3 57.1% Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
18 GPT-5.6 Terra 56.7% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
19 GPT-5 55.8% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
20 GPT-4.1 51.5% Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
21 Claude Opus 5 48.8% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
22 Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite 48.4% Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
23 Grok 4.5 46.8% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
24 Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite 43.4% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
25 GPT-5.1 43.2% Nov 2025 Official leaderboard
26 Claude Opus 4.7 38.8% Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
27 Claude Opus 4.1 33.2% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
28 Gemini 2.5 Flash Jun 2025 30.7% Jun 2025 Official leaderboard
29 Claude Opus 4.5 30.6% Nov 2025 Official leaderboard
30 Claude Sonnet 4.5 29% thinking Sep 2025 Official leaderboard
31 Claude Opus 4.8 25.1% May 2026 Official leaderboard
32 GPT-5.6 Luna 25% Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
33 DeepSeek-R1 May 2025 20.8% May 2025 Official leaderboard
34 o4-mini 20.5% Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
35 Claude Sonnet 4 20.4% May 2025 Official leaderboard
36 GPT-5 mini 16.1% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
37 Grok 4 Fast 15.8% reasoning Sep 2025 Official leaderboard
38 Claude Haiku 5.5 13.1% Oct 2026 Official leaderboard
39 gpt-oss-120b 10.7% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
40 Gemma 4 31B IT 7.79% Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
41 Gemma 3 27B 6.27% Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
42 Gemma 4 26B A4B 5.69% Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
43 Mistral Small 3.1 5.47% Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
44 Gemma 3 12B 3.56% Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
45 gpt-oss-20b 2.90% Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
46 Gemma 3 4B 1.57% Mar 2025 Official leaderboard

Labs report scores for 1 model in their cards. Switch the scores above to rank them together.

5 models have held number one on the official leaderboard since its release in December 2025 5 models have held number one with claims included since its release in December 2025

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.

Google DeepMind OpenAI
Own leaderboard 5 leaders
GPT-6 Astra 83.1%

Source: Official FACTS Parametric leaderboard

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

On the benchmark’s own leaderboard Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) GPT-6 Astra Gemini 3.1 Pro Gemini 3 Flash Gemini 2.5 Pro o3 GPT-4.1 Gemma 3 27B 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) GPT-6 Astra Gemini 3 Flash

Sources: Official FACTS Parametric leaderboard and labs’ model cards

Labs headline it less often now, last in April 2026

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

DeepSeek
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
Apr 24, 2026 DeepSeek-V4-Pro 62.6 FACTS Parametric (EM)

Versions

We switch the top row to each new version when it comes out. Open it for one row per version. An old version stays in play while people still test it, so whoever first takes it past 85% gets credit for closing it out.

Google DeepMind OpenAI
FACTS Parametric V2 6 leaders
GPT-6 Astra 83.8%
FACTS Parametric 5 leaders
GPT-6 Astra 83.1%

Source: Official leaderboards

More in Factuality

All 74 in Factuality
  • SimpleVQA In use Models answer 2,025 short factual questions about images across 9 tasks and 9 topics. An LLM judge grades answers against fixed references. Qwen3.7-Plus 81.7%
  • HallusionBench In use Models answer 1,129 yes or no questions about 346 images, built in pairs to expose language hallucination and visual illusion. Scored by accuracy. Keye-VL-2.0-30B-A3B 73.5%
  • SimpleQA Verified In use 1,000 human-verified, de-duplicated short-answer factual questions measuring parametric knowledge. Gemini 3.1 Pro 77.5%
  • Kimi Hallu Bench In use Models answer hard prompts drawn from practical work tasks. Fact-checking agents score the share of claims that are hallucinated. GPT-6 Astra 4.20%
  • Internal adversarially-designed factuality evaluations In use Models answer adversarial questions in nine categories such as history, math and code. Scored on agreement with human ideal responses. GPT-6 Luna 7.60%
  • AA-Omniscience v1.1 In use Models answer 3,000 knowledge questions in six domains without tools and may abstain. The index adds correct answers and subtracts wrong ones. Inkling 2 Small 16.1