InfiniteBench/En.QA
Models answer free-form questions about novels longer than 100K tokens. Scored by F1 against reference answers.
The multiple-choice task on the same novels is infinitebench-en-mc.
- Made by
- OpenBMB (Zhang et al.)
- Released
- February 2024
- Kind
- Reasoning over long documents
- Level
- Everyday
- Scored
- Checked automatically
- Answers
- Short answer
- Tasks
- All public
- Strongest model tested
-
Llama 3.1-405B #162 on the capability index
- Last in a system card
- November 2024
- Last model added
- November 2024
- Scores refreshed
- November 12th, 2026
In the authors’ words
Processing and reasoning over long contexts is crucial for many practical applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as document comprehension and agent construction. Despite recent strides in making LLMs process contexts with more than 100K tokens, there is currently a lack of a standardized benchmark to evaluate this long-context capability. Existing public benchmarks typically focus on contexts around 10K tokens, limiting the assessment and comparison of LLMs in processing longer contexts. In this paper, we propose ∞Bench, the first LLM benchmark featuring an average data length surpassing 100K tokens. ∞Bench comprises synthetic and realistic tasks spanning diverse domains, presented in both English and Chinese. The tasks in ∞Bench are designed to require well understanding of long dependencies in contexts, and make simply retrieving a limited number of passages from contexts not sufficient for these tasks. In our experiments, based on ∞Bench, we evaluate the state-of-the-art proprietary and open-source LLMs tailored for processing long contexts. The results indicate that existing long context LLMs still require significant advancements to effectively process 100K+ context. We further present three intriguing analyses regarding the behavior of LLMs processing long context.
Llama 3.1-70B leads with 36.7 among models released by July 2024
Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.
Claude 2 leads with 12.0 across all independent runs
Best score per model across the official leaderboard, Epoch AI’s own runs and any board Epoch AI copied. Each bar and row names its source.
Llama 3.1-70B leads with 36.7, claims included
Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.
The newest model with a score here came out in July 2024, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Fable 5.2
-
Gemini 4 Carbon
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- and 16 more
- 1
Llama 3.1-70B 36.7
- 2
Llama 3.1-405B 30.5
- 3
Llama 3.1-8B 27.1
Source: Labs’ model cards
Source: Official InfiniteBench/En.QA leaderboard
- 1
Llama 3.1-70B 36.7
- 2
Llama 3.1-405B 30.5
- 3
Llama 3.1-8B 27.1
- 4 Claude 2 En.QA; F1 (0–100) 12.0
Sources: Labs’ model cards and official InfiniteBench/En.QA leaderboard
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 36.7 | Nov 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 2 | | 30.5 | Nov 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 3 | | 27.1 | Nov 2024 | Lab model card |
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Claude 2 | 12.0 | En.QA; F1 (0–100) | Jul 2023 | Official leaderboard |
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 36.7 | Nov 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 2 | | 30.5 | Nov 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 3 | | 27.1 | Nov 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 4 | Claude 2 | 12.0 | En.QA; F1 (0–100) | Jul 2023 | Official leaderboard |
The benchmark's own leaderboard has 6 entries, 1 of them models we track. Switch the scores above to rank them together.
Number one over time Number one over time 2 models have held number one with claims included since its release in February 2024
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
Source: Labs’ model cards
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Sources: Official InfiniteBench/En.QA leaderboard and labs’ model cards
Labs report it only in system cards
We read the headline results of 522 launch posts from 52 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.
3 system cards report it, from 1 lab
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 23, 2024 | | 27.1 | InfiniteBench/En.QA, F1, post-trained (Table 21) | Capabilities |
| Nov 23, 2024 | | 36.7 | InfiniteBench/En.QA, F1, post-trained (Table 21) | Capabilities |
| Nov 23, 2024 | | 30.5 | InfiniteBench/En.QA, F1, post-trained (Table 21) | Capabilities |
More in Long context
- MRCR v2 In use Multi-round coreference: retrieve the n-th of several similar requests hidden in a long synthetic conversation, up to 1M tokens.
Muse Spark 1.3 98.5%
- LongBench v2 In use 503 multiple-choice questions over 8K-2M-word contexts (QA, dialogue, code repos, structured data). Accuracy.
Inkling 2 Small 70.6%
- GraphWalks In use A graph is given as an edge list in long context. The model answers BFS or parent queries, scored by F1. Claude Fable 5 99.96%
- OpenAI MRCR v2 In use Models read a long synthetic chat that hides 2, 4 or 8 identical writing requests and must reproduce the response to the i-th one. Scored by mean string match ratio per context bin.
Gemini 3.7 Flash 89%
- CL-bench In use Model must learn new knowledge from a supplied long context (rules, procedures, data) and solve tasks. Strict LLM-verified rubrics. GPT-5.4 27.9%
- AA-LCR 1.1 In use Models answer 100 questions that need reasoning across sets of real documents of about 100K tokens. An LLM equality checker with a fixed system prompt compares each answer with the key.
Step 5 Preview 88.3%