SEAL Adversarial Robustness
Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 8.00 leads since May 2024 Models receive 1,000 single-turn adversarial prompts written by 10 full-time red teamers across nine harm categories. Safety specialists grade responses, and models are ranked by the number of high-harm violations.
The board existed by 2024-08. Scale marked it deprecated in 2025-01 with 8 models. Gemini 1.5 Pro had the fewest violations at 8 and GPT-4o the most at 67.
- Made by
- Scale AI
- Kind
- Jailbreaks and prompt injection
- Level
- Expert
- Scored
- Graded by people
- Answers
- Open-ended
- Tasks
- Kept private
- Strongest model tested
- Claude 3.5 Sonnet #157 on the capability index
- Last model added
- July 2024
- Scores refreshed
- November 12th, 2026
Gemini 1.5 Pro leads with 8.00 among models released by July 2024
Best score per model from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best.
The newest model with a score here came out in July 2024, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Fable 5.2
- Gemini 4 Carbon
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- and 16 more
- 1 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 8.00
- 2
Llama 3.1-405B 10.0 - 3 Claude 3 Opus 13.0
- 4 Gemini 1.5 Flash May 2024 14.0
- 5 Claude 3.5 Sonnet 16.0
- 6 GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 20.0
- 7
Mistral Large 37.0 - 8 GPT-4o May 2024 67.0
Source: Official SEAL Adversarial Robustness leaderboard
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 | 8.00 | May 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 2 | Llama 3.1-405B | 10.0 | Jul 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 3 | Claude 3 Opus | 13.0 | Feb 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 4 | Gemini 1.5 Flash May 2024 | 14.0 | May 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 5 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet | 16.0 | Jun 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 6 | GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 | 20.0 | Apr 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 7 | Mistral Large | 37.0 | Feb 2024 | Official leaderboard | |
| 8 | GPT-4o May 2024 | 67.0 | May 2024 | Official leaderboard |
3 models have held number one on the official leaderboard since 2023
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
Source: Official SEAL Adversarial Robustness leaderboard
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Source: Official SEAL Adversarial Robustness leaderboard
No lab model card reports it yet
We read the headline results of 522 launch posts from 52 labs, and none of them list this benchmark.
More in Safety and alignment
- FORTRESS In use Paired adversarial and benign national-security misuse prompts. Rubric-graded risk score on adversarial and over-refusal score on benign prompts. Claude Opus 5.5 5.78%
- StrongREJECT In use Forbidden-prompt jailbreak benchmark with a rubric grader that scores how useful a non-refusal actually is.
Inkling 98.6% - Gray Swan IPI Arena benchmark In use Indirect prompt-injection attacks from public red-teaming competitions replayed on tool, coding and browser agents. Attack success rate at k attempts. Gemini 4 Carbon 0%
- DistressBench In use Models reply as a chatbot to 718 simulated users in psychological crisis, in single-turn and multi-turn chats. Three judge models score replies against clinician-written rubrics. Muse Spark 1.2 88.4%
- Lakera B3 (Backbone Breaker Benchmark) In use Crowdsourced prompt-injection attacks hit backbone LLMs inside agent threat snapshots at three defense levels. The score is attack resistance, 100 minus the board's vulnerability percentage. Claude Opus 4.5 89%
- IHEval In use Models face conflicts between system, user and tool instructions. Reports a composite score for following the higher-priority instruction. GPT-4o 70%