GAOKAO-Bench
Models answer Chinese national college entrance exam questions from 2010 to 2022 across nine subjects, with objective and subjective questions.
Labs usually report the objective-question accuracy. Later releases add 2023 and newer questions.
- Made by
- Fudan University (OpenLMLab)
- Released
- May 2023
- Kind
- Exam questions
- Level
- School
- Scored
- Checked automatically
- Answers
- Multiple choice
- Tasks
- All public
- Strongest model tested
- GPT-4 Jun 2023 #184 on the capability index
- Last in a launch post
- August 2025, dropped after it saturated
- Last model added
- August 2025
- Scores refreshed
- November 12th, 2026
In the authors’ words
Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks; however, how to comprehensively and accurately assess their performance becomes an urgent issue to be addressed. This paper introduces GAOKAO-Bench, an intuitive benchmark that employs questions from the Chinese GAOKAO examination as test samples, including both subjective and objective questions. To align with human examination methods, we design a method based on zero-shot settings to evaluate the performance of LLMs. With human evaluation, we obtain the converted total score of LLMs, including GPT-4, ChatGPT and ERNIE-Bot.Our findings reveal that LLMs have achieved competitive scores in Chinese GAOKAO examination, while they exhibit significant performance disparities across various subjects. We also use LLMs to grade the subjective questions, and find that model scores achieve a moderate level of consistency with human scores. In conclusion, this research contributes a robust evaluation benchmark for future large language models and offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of such models.
GPT-4-0314 tops the leaderboard with 72.2%
Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders. The best model we track is GPT-4, at 71.6%.
InternVL3.5-241B-A28B leads with 94.5%, claims included
Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.
The newest model with a score here came out in December 2023, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Fable 5.2
-
Gemini 4 Carbon
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- and 16 more
- 1 GPT-4-0314 72.2%
- 2 GPT-4 Jun 2023 71.6%
- 3
Gemini 1.0 Pro 57.9%
- 4 ERNIE-Bot-0615 56.6%
- 5 GPT-3.5 Turbo (Mar 2023) 53.2%
- 6 ERNIE-Bot-turbo-0725 45.6%
- 7 Baichuan2-13B-Chat 43.9%
- 8 chatglm2-6b 42.7%
- 9 Baichuan2-7b-Chat 40.5%
- 10 ChatGLM-6B 30.8%
- 11 Baichuan2-7b-Base 27.2%
- 12
LLaMA-7B 21.1%
- 13 Vicuna-7b 21%
Source: Official GAOKAO-Bench leaderboard
- 1
InternVL3.5-241B-A28B 94.5%
- 2 GPT-4 Jun 2023 71.6%
- 3 ChatGLM3-6B 67.3%
- 4
Gemini 1.0 Pro 57.9%
- 5 GPT-3.5 Turbo (Mar 2023) 53.2%
- 6 Baichuan2-13B-Chat 43.9%
- 7 chatglm2-6b 42.7%
- 8 ChatGLM-6B 30.8%
- 9
LLaMA-7B 21.1%
Sources: Labs’ model cards and official GAOKAO-Bench leaderboard
| # | Entry | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPT-4-0314 | 72.2% | Official leaderboard | ||
| 2 | GPT-4 Jun 2023 | 71.6% | Jun 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 3 | | 57.9% | Dec 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 4 | ERNIE-Bot-0615 | 56.6% | Official leaderboard | ||
| 5 | GPT-3.5 Turbo (Mar 2023) | 53.2% | Mar 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 6 | ERNIE-Bot-turbo-0725 | 45.6% | Official leaderboard | ||
| 7 | Baichuan2-13B-Chat | 43.9% | Sep 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 8 | chatglm2-6b | 42.7% | Jun 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 9 | Baichuan2-7b-Chat | 40.5% | Official leaderboard | ||
| 10 | ChatGLM-6B | 30.8% | Mar 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 11 | Baichuan2-7b-Base | 27.2% | Official leaderboard | ||
| 12 | | 21.1% | Feb 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 13 | Vicuna-7b | 21% | Official leaderboard |
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 94.5% | Aug 2025 | Lab model card | |
| 2 | GPT-4 Jun 2023 | 71.6% | Jun 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 3 | ChatGLM3-6B | 67.3% | Jun 2024 | Lab model card | |
| 4 | | 57.9% | Dec 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 5 | GPT-3.5 Turbo (Mar 2023) | 53.2% | Mar 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 6 | Baichuan2-13B-Chat | 43.9% | Sep 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 7 | chatglm2-6b | 42.7% | Jun 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 8 | ChatGLM-6B | 30.8% | Mar 2023 | Official leaderboard | |
| 9 | | 21.1% | Feb 2023 | Official leaderboard |
Labs report scores for 2 models in their cards. Switch the scores above to rank them together.
2 models have held number one on the official leaderboard since its release in May 2023 3 models have held number one with claims included since its release in May 2023
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release. We draw one row each for the benchmark’s own leaderboard and what labs claim in their cards.
Sources: Official GAOKAO-Bench leaderboard and labs’ model cards
Shanghai AI Lab’s own number for InternVL3.5-241B-A28B passed 85% in August 2025
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Sources: Official GAOKAO-Bench leaderboard and labs’ model cards
Labs dropped it from launch posts once the best score passed 85%
Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.
| Date | Launch post | Score | As the post writes it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 25, 2025 | 94.5 | GAOKAO |
2 system cards report it, from 2 labs
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 25, 2025 | | 94.5 | GAOKAO (Table 2, Table 14) | Capabilities |
| Jun 18, 2024 | ChatGLM3-6B technical report | 67.3 | ChatGLM3-6B-Base, GAOKAO-Bench (Table 1) | Capabilities |
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