Benchmark Almanac

Chinese SimpleQA

ERNIE 5.0 86% leads since February 2026
o1-preview 67.9% leads since November 2024
ERNIE 5.0 86% leads since February 2026
Fading

3,000 short Chinese factual questions across six topics. Graded correct, incorrect or not attempted.

GitHub repo moved from OpenStellarTeam to LivingFutureLab.

Released
November 2024
Kind
Short factual questions
Level
University
Scored
Graded by a model
Answers
Short answer
Tasks
All public
Strongest model tested
DeepSeek-V4-Pro #69 on the capability index
Last in a launch post
April 2026, dropped after it saturated
Last model added
June 2026
Scores refreshed
November 12th, 2026

In the authors’ words

New LLM evaluation benchmarks are important to align with the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs). In this work, we present Chinese SimpleQA, the first comprehensive Chinese benchmark to evaluate the factuality ability of language models to answer short questions, and Chinese SimpleQA mainly has five properties (i.e., Chinese, Diverse, High-quality, Static, Easy-to-evaluate). Specifically, first, we focus on the Chinese language over 6 major topics with 99 diverse subtopics. Second, we conduct a comprehensive quality control process to achieve high-quality questions and answers, where the reference answers are static and cannot be changed over time. Third, following SimpleQA, the questions and answers are very short, and the grading process is easy-to-evaluate based on OpenAI API. Based on Chinese SimpleQA, we perform a comprehensive evaluation on the factuality abilities of existing LLMs. Finally, we hope that Chinese SimpleQA could guide the developers to better understand the Chinese factuality abilities of their models and facilitate the growth of foundation models.

Abstract of Chinese SimpleQA: A Chinese Factuality Evaluation for Large Language Models (arXiv:2411.07140, CC0)
13
Models scored in lab cards
11
Launch posts list it, from 4 labs
10
System cards report it, from 5 labs

ERNIE 5.0 leads with 86% among models released by April 2026

Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.

o1-preview leads with 67.9% across all independent runs

Best score per model across the official leaderboard, Epoch AI’s own runs and any board Epoch AI copied. Each bar and row names its source.

ERNIE 5.0 leads with 86%, claims included

Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.

The newest model with a score here came out in April 2026, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

  1. 1 ERNIE 5.0 86%
  2. 2 DeepSeek-V4-Pro 84.4%
  3. 3 DeepSeek-V4-Flash 78.9%
  4. 4 ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B 77.1%
  5. 5 Ling-2.6-1T 76.5%
  6. 6 GLM-5 75.2%
  7. 7 Hunyuan-TurboS 70.8%
  8. 8 GLM-4.5 70.1%
  9. 9 Hunyuan-T1 67.9%
  10. 10 MiniMax-Text-01 67.4%
  11. 11 DeepSeek-V3 64.8%
  12. 12 DeepSeek-R1 63.7%
  13. 13 ERNIE-4.5-21B-A3B-Thinking 49.1%

Source: Labs’ model cards

Sources: Labs’ model cards and official Chinese SimpleQA leaderboard

#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 ERNIE 5.0 86% Feb 2026 Lab model card
2 DeepSeek-V4-Pro 84.4% Apr 2026 Lab model card
3 DeepSeek-V4-Flash 78.9% Apr 2026 Lab model card
4 ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B 77.1% Jun 2025 Lab model card
5 Ling-2.6-1T 76.5% Jun 2026 Lab model card
6 GLM-5 75.2% Feb 2026 Lab model card
7 Hunyuan-TurboS 70.8% Feb 2025 Lab model card
8 GLM-4.5 70.1% Aug 2025 Lab model card
9 Hunyuan-T1 67.9% Mar 2025 Lab model card
10 MiniMax-Text-01 67.4% Jan 2025 Lab model card
11 DeepSeek-V3 64.8% Dec 2024 Lab model card
12 DeepSeek-R1 63.7% Jan 2025 Lab model card
13 ERNIE-4.5-21B-A3B-Thinking 49.1% Sep 2025 Lab model card
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 o1-preview 67.9% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
2 GPT-4o Aug 2024 59.7% Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
3 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 56.7% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
4 DeepSeek-V2.5 Sep 2024 55.7% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
5 Claude 3.5 Sonnet 53.5% Jun 2024 Official leaderboard
6 Yi-Large 51.5% May 2024 Official leaderboard
7 Qwen2.5-72B 50.2% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
8 GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 49.1% Apr 2024 Official leaderboard
9 GPT-4 Jun 2023 47.4% Jun 2023 Official leaderboard
10 DeepSeek LLM 67B 47% Nov 2023 Official leaderboard
11 o1-mini 44.1% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
12 Qwen2.5-32B 41.1% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
13 Llama 3.1-70B 40.2% Jul 2024 Official leaderboard
14 GPT-4o mini 37.8% Jul 2024 Official leaderboard
15 Qwen2.5-14B 37.2% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
16 InternLM2.5-20B-Chat 32.8% Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
17 Yi-1.5-34B 31.8% May 2024 Official leaderboard
18 GPT-3.5 Turbo Jan 2024 30.1% Jan 2024 Official leaderboard
19 Qwen2.5-7B 27.9% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
20 GLM-4-9B 27.6% Jun 2024 Official leaderboard
21 Baichuan2-13B 21.8% Sep 2023 Official leaderboard
22 Llama 3.1-8B 17.7% Jul 2024 Official leaderboard
23 Qwen2.5-3B 17.3% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
24 Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 15.6% Dec 2023 Official leaderboard
25 Baichuan 2-7B 14% Sep 2023 Official leaderboard
26 ChatGLM3-6B 12% Oct 2023 Official leaderboard
27 Qwen2.5-1.5B 12% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 ERNIE 5.0 86% Feb 2026 Lab model card
2 DeepSeek-V4-Pro 84.4% Apr 2026 Lab model card
3 DeepSeek-V4-Flash 78.9% Apr 2026 Lab model card
4 ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B 77.1% Jun 2025 Lab model card
5 Ling-2.6-1T 76.5% Jun 2026 Lab model card
6 GLM-5 75.2% Feb 2026 Lab model card
7 Hunyuan-TurboS 70.8% Feb 2025 Lab model card
8 GLM-4.5 70.1% Aug 2025 Lab model card
9 o1-preview 67.9% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
10 Hunyuan-T1 67.9% Mar 2025 Lab model card
11 MiniMax-Text-01 67.4% Jan 2025 Lab model card
12 DeepSeek-V3 64.8% Dec 2024 Lab model card
13 DeepSeek-R1 63.7% Jan 2025 Lab model card
14 GPT-4o Aug 2024 59.7% Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
15 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 56.7% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
16 DeepSeek-V2.5 Sep 2024 55.7% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
17 Claude 3.5 Sonnet 53.5% Jun 2024 Official leaderboard
18 Yi-Large 51.5% May 2024 Official leaderboard
19 Qwen2.5-72B 50.2% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
20 GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 49.1% Apr 2024 Official leaderboard
21 ERNIE-4.5-21B-A3B-Thinking 49.1% Sep 2025 Lab model card
22 GPT-4 Jun 2023 47.4% Jun 2023 Official leaderboard
23 DeepSeek LLM 67B 47% Nov 2023 Official leaderboard
24 o1-mini 44.1% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
25 Qwen2.5-32B 41.1% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
26 Llama 3.1-70B 40.2% Jul 2024 Official leaderboard
27 GPT-4o mini 37.8% Jul 2024 Official leaderboard
28 Qwen2.5-14B 37.2% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
29 InternLM2.5-20B-Chat 32.8% Aug 2024 Official leaderboard
30 Yi-1.5-34B 31.8% May 2024 Official leaderboard
31 GPT-3.5 Turbo Jan 2024 30.1% Jan 2024 Official leaderboard
32 Qwen2.5-7B 27.9% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
33 GLM-4-9B 27.6% Jun 2024 Official leaderboard
34 Baichuan2-13B 21.8% Sep 2023 Official leaderboard
35 Llama 3.1-8B 17.7% Jul 2024 Official leaderboard
36 Qwen2.5-3B 17.3% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard
37 Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 15.6% Dec 2023 Official leaderboard
38 Baichuan 2-7B 14% Sep 2023 Official leaderboard
39 ChatGLM3-6B 12% Oct 2023 Official leaderboard
40 Qwen2.5-1.5B 12% Sep 2024 Official leaderboard

The benchmark's own leaderboard has 41 entries, 27 of them models we track. Switch the scores above to rank them together.

5 models have held number one in labs’ own numbers since its release in November 2024 Number one over time 4 models have held number one with claims included since its release in November 2024

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release. We draw one row each for the benchmark’s own leaderboard and what labs claim in their cards.

OpenAI DeepSeek MiniMax Tencent Baidu
Own leaderboard Not tested since Nov 2024
o1-preview 67.9%
Lab claims Passed 85% in Feb 2026, by ERNIE 5.0
ERNIE 5.0 86%

Sources: Official Chinese SimpleQA leaderboard and labs’ model cards

Baidu’s own number for ERNIE 5.0 passed 85% in February 2026

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

On the benchmark’s own leaderboard Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2023 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) ERNIE 5.0 ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B Hunyuan-TurboS GPT-4o Claude 3.5 Sonnet GPT-4 Turbo GPT-4 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2023 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) ERNIE 5.0 ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B

Sources: Official Chinese SimpleQA leaderboard and labs’ model cards

Labs headline it less often now, last in April 2026

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

DeepSeek
MiniMax
Tencent
Baidu
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
Apr 24, 2026 DeepSeek-V4-Flash 78.9 Chinese-SimpleQA (Pass@1), V4-Flash Max
Apr 24, 2026 DeepSeek-V4-Pro 84.4 Chinese-SimpleQA (Pass@1)
Feb 6, 2026 ERNIE 5.0 86 ChineseSimpleQA
Sep 9, 2025 ERNIE-4.5-21B-A3B-Thinking 49.1 ChineseSimpleQA (Accuracy)
Jun 30, 2025 ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B 77.1 ChineseSimpleQA
Mar 21, 2025 Hunyuan-T1 67.9 C-SimpleQA
Mar 16, 2025 ERNIE 4.5 Chinese SimpleQA
Feb 27, 2025 Hunyuan-TurboS 70.8 Chinese-SimpleQA
Jan 20, 2025 DeepSeek-R1 63.7 C-SimpleQA (Correct)
Jan 15, 2025 MiniMax-Text-01 67.4 C-SimpleQA
Dec 26, 2024 DeepSeek-V3 64.8 C-SimpleQA (Correct)

10 system cards report it, from 5 labs

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
Jun 13, 2026 Ling-2.6-1T technical report 76.5 C-SimpleQA, correct (Table 5) Capabilities
Apr 26, 2026 DeepSeek-V4-Pro technical report 84.4 Chinese-SimpleQA (Pass@1), DS-V4-Pro Max (Table 6) Hallucination
Apr 26, 2026 DeepSeek-V4-Flash technical report 78.9 Chinese-SimpleQA (Pass@1), DeepSeek-V4-Flash Max (Table 7) Hallucination
Feb 17, 2026 GLM-5 technical report 75.2 Chinese SimpleQA, World Knowledge panel (Figure 11) Hallucination
Feb 4, 2026 ERNIE 5.0 technical report 86 ChineseSimpleQA (Table 2) Capabilities
Aug 8, 2025 GLM-4.5 technical report 70.1 GLM-4.5-Base, Chinese-SimpleQA (EM) (Table 2) Hallucination
Jun 29, 2025 ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B technical report 77.1 ChineseSimpleQA (Table 5) Hallucination
Jan 20, 2025 DeepSeek-R1 technical report 63.7 C-SimpleQA (Correct), DeepSeek-R1 (Table 8, same as final column of Table 3) Hallucination
Jan 14, 2025 MiniMax-Text-01 technical report 67.4 C-SimpleQA (Table 8) Hallucination
Dec 26, 2024 DeepSeek-V3 technical report 64.8 C-SimpleQA (Correct), DeepSeek-V3 (Table 6) Hallucination

More in Factuality

All 74 in Factuality
  • SimpleVQA In use Models answer 2,025 short factual questions about images across 9 tasks and 9 topics. An LLM judge grades answers against fixed references. Qwen3.7-Plus 81.7%
  • HallusionBench In use Models answer 1,129 yes or no questions about 346 images, built in pairs to expose language hallucination and visual illusion. Scored by accuracy. Keye-VL-2.0-30B-A3B 73.5%
  • SimpleQA Verified In use 1,000 human-verified, de-duplicated short-answer factual questions measuring parametric knowledge. Gemini 3.1 Pro 77.5%
  • Kimi Hallu Bench In use Models answer hard prompts drawn from practical work tasks. Fact-checking agents score the share of claims that are hallucinated. GPT-6 Astra 4.20%
  • Internal adversarially-designed factuality evaluations In use Models answer adversarial questions in nine categories such as history, math and code. Scored on agreement with human ideal responses. GPT-6 Luna 7.60%
  • AA-Omniscience v1.1 In use Models answer 3,000 knowledge questions in six domains without tools and may abstain. The index adds correct answers and subtracts wrong ones. Inkling 2 Small 16.1