Long-form Biological Risk Questions
OpenAI deep research 0% leads since February 2025
Only in system cards Models answer long-form questions across five biothreat creation stages, graded against expert rubrics. Scored as pass@1 per stage.
OpenAI Preparedness evaluation. Cards report stage scores with no overall number.
- Made by
- OpenAI with Gryphon Scientific
- Released
- September 2024
- Kind
- Hazardous knowledge
- Level
- Expert
- Scored
- Graded by a model
- Answers
- Open-ended
- Tasks
- Kept private
- Strongest model tested
- GPT-4.5 #136 on the capability index
- Last in a system card
- November 2025
- Last model added
- November 2025
3
Models scored in lab cards
14
System cards report it, from 1 lab
3 models share the top score of 0% among models released by November 2025
Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.
The newest model with a score here came out in November 2025, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Fable 5.2
-
Gemini 4 Carbon - GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- and 16 more
- 1 OpenAI deep research 0%
- 2 GPT-4.5 0%
- 3 GPT-5.1-Codex-Max 0%
Source: Labs’ model cards
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | OpenAI deep research | 0% | Feb 2025 | Lab model card | |
| 2 | GPT-4.5 | 0% | Feb 2025 | Lab model card | |
| 3 | GPT-5.1-Codex-Max | 0% | Nov 2025 | Lab model card |
Number one over time
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
OpenAI
Source: Labs’ model cards
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Reported by the lab in its model card
Source: Labs’ model cards
Labs report it only in system cards
We read the headline results of 522 launch posts from 52 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.
14 system cards report it, from 1 lab
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 18, 2025 | GPT-5.1-Codex-Max system card | 0 | Long-form biorisk questions, Autograded Gryphon Free Response, gpt-5.1-codex-max 0% on all 5 stages, text says it refused 100% of prompts (Figure 1, 5.1.1.1) | Bio and chem risk |
| Aug 7, 2025 | GPT-5 system card | Long-form Biological Risk Questions (Autograded Gryphon Free Response), 5 stages, no overall score (Figure 9) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Aug 7, 2025 | GPT-5 mini system card | Long-form Biological Risk Questions (Autograded Gryphon Free Response), gpt-5-thinking-mini browsing launch candidate, 5 stages, no overall score (Figure 9) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Aug 5, 2025 | gpt-oss-20b model card | Long-form Biological Risk Questions (Autograded Gryphon Free Response), gpt-oss 20b browsing launch candidate, 5 stages, no overall score (Figure 5) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Aug 5, 2025 | gpt-oss-120b model card | Long-form Biological Risk Questions (Autograded Gryphon Free Response), gpt-oss 120b browsing launch candidate, 5 stages, no overall score (Figure 5) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Jul 17, 2025 | ChatGPT agent system card | Long-form Biological Risk Questions, Autograded Gryphon Free Response, chart shows only the ChatGPT Agent browsing helpful-only variant, no released-model value (Figure 1, 5.1.1.1) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Apr 16, 2025 | o4-mini system card | Long-form biorisk questions, autograded Gryphon free response, 5 stages for helpful-only variants only, no overall score (Figure 3) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Apr 16, 2025 | o3 system card | Long-form biorisk questions, autograded Gryphon free response, 5 stages for helpful-only variants only, no overall score (Figure 3) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Feb 27, 2025 | GPT-4.5 system card | 0 | Long-form Biological Risk Questions, post-mitigation scores 0% on all five stages due to refusals (4.3.1) | Bio and chem risk |
| Feb 25, 2025 | OpenAI deep research system card | 0 | Long-form Biological Risk Questions, chart plots pre-mitigation models only, text says post-mitigation models scored 0% across all physical success steps (3.4.4) | Bio and chem risk |
| Jan 31, 2025 | o3-mini system card | Long-form Biological Risk Questions, chart for pre-mitigation stages, text says post-mitigation models reliably refuse, no post-mitigation number (5.4.1) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Dec 5, 2024 | o1 system card | Biothreat Information Long-Form, accuracy for 5 stages, o1 (pre-mitigation) only, no overall score (5.5.1 chart) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Sep 12, 2024 | o1-preview system card | Biothreat Information Long-Form, accuracy for 5 stages, o1-preview (pre-mitigation) only, chart without printed numbers (4.3.1) | Bio and chem risk | |
| Sep 12, 2024 | o1-mini system card | Biothreat Information Long-Form, accuracy for 5 stages, o1-mini (pre-mitigation) only, chart without printed numbers (4.3.1) | Bio and chem risk |
More in Biology and chemistry
- GeneBench Pro In use Agents analyze messy simulated genomics and biology datasets to estimate a decision-relevant quantity across 129 problems. Scored automatically against known answers. GPT-5.6 Sol 31.5%
- SUPERChem In use Models solve 500 expert-written chemistry reasoning problems, offered in multimodal and text-only forms. Expert solution paths also allow a reasoning path score.
Tencent Hy4 preview 66.4% - LifeSciBench In use Models complete 750 expert-written life science research tasks, often with attached figures, tables, or sequence files. Graded against expert rubrics as score and pass rate. GPT-Rosalind-6 61.3%
- MedChemBench (OpenAI) In use Models answer chemistry questions from an OpenAI internal set, grouped with OpenAI's life science research evaluations. OpenAI has not published the task format. GPT-Rosalind-6 49.6%
- ProtocolQA Open-Ended In use Models correct errors in published lab protocols using open-ended questions adapted from LAB-Bench ProtocolQA. Scored as pass@1. GPT-6 Cyber 47.2%
- MolecularIQ In use Models answer questions about molecular graphs, such as counting, indexing and constrained generation, and a symbolic checker verifies each answer. gpt-oss-120b 47.5%