Benchmark Almanac

MATH Level 5

GPT-5 98.1% leads since August 2025
GPT-5 98.1% leads since August 2025
Dropped

Models solve the 1,324 hardest MATH test problems, drawn from competitions such as AMC and AIME. Scored by final answer match.

Near saturation, and contamination is likely because the problems have been public since 2021.

Released
March 2021
Kind
Competition problems with answers
Level
Competition
Scored
Checked automatically
Answers
Short answer
Tasks
All public
Strongest model tested
GPT-5 #70 on the capability index
Last in a launch post
October 2025, dropped after it saturated
Last model added
November 2025
Scores refreshed
November 12th, 2026

In the authors’ words

Many intellectual endeavors require mathematical problem solving, but this skill remains beyond the capabilities of computers. To measure this ability in machine learning models, we introduce MATH, a new dataset of 12,500 challenging competition mathematics problems. Each problem in MATH has a full step-by-step solution which can be used to teach models to generate answer derivations and explanations. To facilitate future research and increase accuracy on MATH, we also contribute a large auxiliary pretraining dataset which helps teach models the fundamentals of mathematics. Even though we are able to increase accuracy on MATH, our results show that accuracy remains relatively low, even with enormous Transformer models. Moreover, we find that simply increasing budgets and model parameter counts will be impractical for achieving strong mathematical reasoning if scaling trends continue. While scaling Transformers is automatically solving most other text-based tasks, scaling is not currently solving MATH. To have more traction on mathematical problem solving we will likely need new algorithmic advancements from the broader research community.

Abstract of Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset (arXiv:2103.03874, CC0)
94
Models scored in Epoch AI’s runs
1
Launch post lists it, from 1 lab
2
System cards report it, from 1 lab

GPT-5 leads with 98.1% among models released by October 2025

Best score per model from Epoch AI’s own runs. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best.

GPT-5 leads with 98.1%, claims included

Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.

The newest model with a score here came out in October 2025, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

94 models. Scroll sideways for the rest.

  1. 98.1 GPT-5
  2. 97.8 GPT-5 mini
  3. 97.8 o4-mini
  4. 97.8 o3
  5. 97.7 Claude Sonnet 4.5
  6. 97.1 Qwen3-Max
  7. 96.6 DeepSeek-R1
  8. 96.5 o3-mini
  9. 96.4 Claude Haiku 4.5
  10. 95.9 Gemini 2.5 Pro
  11. 95.6 Gemini 2.5 Pro
  12. 95.2 GPT-5 nano
  13. 94.7 o1
  14. 93.0 DeepSeek-R1
  15. 91.2 Claude 3.7 Sonnet
  16. 90.9 Grok-3 mini
  17. 89.9 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B
  18. 89.2 o1-mini
  19. 88.8 Grok 3
  20. 87.3 GPT-4.1 mini
  21. 87.1 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B
  22. 85.0 Claude Opus 4
  23. 84.4 Claude Sonnet 4
  24. 83.5 Gemini 2.0 Pro
  25. 83.0 GPT-4.1
  26. 82.2 Gemini 2.0 Flash
  27. 81.7 o1-preview
  28. 81.6 Mistral Medium 3
  29. 78.6 GPT-4.5
  30. 75.5 DeepSeek-V3
  31. 74.0 Gemma 3 27B
  32. 73.0 Llama 4 Maverick
  33. 70.4 Gemini 1.5 Pro
  34. 70.0 GPT-4.1 nano
  35. 68.9 Qwen3-235B-A22B
  36. 67.2 Qwen2.5-Max
  37. 65.3 Qwen Plus
  38. 64.9 Phi-4
  39. 64.8 DeepSeek-V3
  40. 63.5 Grok-2
  41. 63.2 Qwen2.5-72B
  42. 62.3 Llama 4 Scout
  43. 61.9 Gemini 1.5 Flash
  44. 57.0 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024)
  45. 56.2 Qwen-Turbo
  46. 56.1 Qwen2.5-32B
  47. 53.3 GPT-4o
  48. 52.6 GPT-4o mini
  49. 51.7 Claude 3.5 Sonnet
  50. 51.0 GPT-4o
  51. 50.3 Mistral Large 2
  52. 49.8 Llama 3.1-405B
  53. 49.8 GPT-4o
  54. 46.8 Mistral Small 3.1
  55. 46.7 GPT-4 Turbo
  56. 46.4 Claude 3.5 Haiku
  57. 44.8 Mistral Large 2
  58. 44.8 Mistral Small 3
  59. 42.7 Tulu 3 (Tülu 3) 70B
  60. 41.6 Llama 3.3 70B
  61. 40.8 Gemini 1.5 Pro
  62. 40.0 GPT-4 Turbo
  63. 39.4 Llama 3.2 90B
  64. 39.1 Qwen2-72B
  65. 37.5 Claude 3 Opus
  66. 36.7 Llama 3.1-70B
  67. 27.9 Gemma 2 27B
  68. 25.7 WizardLM-2 8x22B
  69. 25.5 Yi-1.5-34B
  70. 25.1 Gemini 1.5 Flash
  71. 24.5 Mistral Large
  72. 24.2 Mixtral 8x22B
  73. 23.0 GPT-4
  74. 22.9 Llama 3.1-8B
  75. 22.7 Hermes 2 Theta Llama-3 70B
  76. 22.6 Llama 3-70B
  77. 21.0 Gemma 2 9B
  78. 18.2 Claude 3 Sonnet
  79. 17.6 phi-3-medium 14B
  80. 15.9 GPT-3.5 Turbo
  81. 14.9 Ministral 8B
  82. 14.9 Claude 3 Haiku
  83. 14.4 Ministral 3B
  84. 11.7 Claude 2
  85. 11.7 DBRX
  86. 11.6 GPT-3.5 Turbo
  87. 11.2 Gemini 1.0 Pro
  88. 10.8 Mistral NeMo
  89. 9.95 Mixtral 8x7B
  90. 6.39 DeepSeek LLM 67B
  91. 6.13 Llama 3-8B
  92. 5.15 Yi-34B
  93. 3.68 Mistral 7B v0.3
  94. 3.29 Llama 2-70B
  1. 1 GPT-5 high 98.1%
  2. 2 GPT-5 mini high 97.8%
  3. 3 o4-mini high 97.8%
  4. 4 o3 high 97.8%
  5. 5 Claude Sonnet 4.5 32k thinking 97.7%
  6. 6 Qwen3-Max 97.1%
  7. 7 DeepSeek-R1 May 2025 96.6%
  8. 8 o3-mini high 96.5%
  9. 9 Claude Haiku 4.5 32K 96.4%
  10. 10 Gemini 2.5 Pro May 2025 95.9%
  11. 11 Gemini 2.5 Pro Mar 2025 95.6%
  12. 12 GPT-5 nano medium 95.2%
  13. 13 o1 high 94.7%
  14. 14 DeepSeek-R1 93%
  15. 15 Claude 3.7 Sonnet 64k thinking 91.2%
  16. 16 Grok-3 mini low 90.9%
  17. 17 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B 89.9%
  18. 18 o1-mini high 89.2%
  19. 19 Grok 3 88.8%
  20. 20 GPT-4.1 mini 87.3%
  21. 21 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B 87.1%
  22. 22 Claude Opus 4 85%
  23. 23 Claude Sonnet 4 84.4%
  24. 24 Gemini 2.0 Pro 83.5%
  25. 25 GPT-4.1 83%
  26. 26 Gemini 2.0 Flash Feb 2025 82.2%
  27. 27 o1-preview 81.7%
  28. 28 Mistral Medium 3 81.6%
  29. 29 GPT-4.5 78.6%
  30. 30 DeepSeek-V3 Mar 2025 75.5%
  31. 31 Gemma 3 27B 74%
  32. 32 Llama 4 Maverick FP8 73%
  33. 33 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 70.4%
  34. 34 GPT-4.1 nano 70%
  35. 35 Qwen3-235B-A22B 68.9%
  36. 36 Qwen2.5-Max 67.2%
  37. 37 Qwen Plus Jan 2025 65.3%
  38. 38 Phi-4 64.9%
  39. 39 DeepSeek-V3 64.8%
  40. 40 Grok-2 Dec 2024 63.5%
  41. 41 Qwen2.5-72B 63.2%
  42. 42 Llama 4 Scout 62.3%
  43. 43 Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 61.9%
  44. 44 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 57%
  45. 45 Qwen-Turbo 56.2%
  46. 46 Qwen2.5-32B 56.1%
  47. 47 GPT-4o Aug 2024 53.3%
  48. 48 GPT-4o mini 52.6%
  49. 49 Claude 3.5 Sonnet Jun 2024 51.7%
  50. 50 GPT-4o May 2024 51%
  51. 51 Mistral Large 2 Nov 2024 50.3%
  52. 52 Llama 3.1-405B 49.8%
  53. 53 GPT-4o Nov 2024 49.8%
  54. 54 Mistral Small 3.1 46.8%
  55. 55 GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 46.7%
  56. 56 Claude 3.5 Haiku Oct 2024 46.4%
  57. 57 Mistral Large 2 Jul 2024 44.8%
  58. 58 Mistral Small 3 44.8%
  59. 59 Tulu 3 (Tülu 3) 70B 42.7%
  60. 60 Llama 3.3 70B 41.6%
  61. 61 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 40.8%
  62. 62 GPT-4 Turbo Nov 2023 40%
  63. 63 Llama 3.2 90B 39.4%
  64. 64 Qwen2-72B 39.1%
  65. 65 Claude 3 Opus 37.5%
  66. 66 Llama 3.1-70B 36.7%
  67. 67 Gemma 2 27B 27.9%
  68. 68 WizardLM-2 8x22B 25.7%
  69. 69 Yi-1.5-34B 25.5%
  70. 70 Gemini 1.5 Flash May 2024 25.1%
  71. 71 Mistral Large 24.5%
  72. 72 Mixtral 8x22B 24.2%
  73. 73 GPT-4 Jun 2023 23%
  74. 74 Llama 3.1-8B 22.9%
  75. 75 Hermes 2 Theta Llama-3 70B 22.7%
  76. 76 Llama 3-70B 22.6%
  77. 77 Gemma 2 9B 21%
  78. 78 Claude 3 Sonnet 18.2%
  79. 79 phi-3-medium 14B 17.6%
  80. 80 GPT-3.5 Turbo Nov 2023 15.9%
  81. 81 Ministral 8B 14.9%
  82. 82 Claude 3 Haiku 14.9%
  83. 83 Ministral 3B 14.4%
  84. 84 Claude 2 11.7%
  85. 85 DBRX 11.7%
  86. 86 GPT-3.5 Turbo Jan 2024 11.6%
  87. 87 Gemini 1.0 Pro 11.2%
  88. 88 Mistral NeMo 10.8%
  89. 89 Mixtral 8x7B 9.95%
  90. 90 DeepSeek LLM 67B 6.39%
  91. 91 Llama 3-8B 6.13%
  92. 92 Yi-34B 5.15%
  93. 93 Mistral 7B v0.3 3.68%
  94. 94 Llama 2-70B 3.29%

Source: Epoch AI runs (CC BY 4.0)

96 models. Scroll sideways for the rest.

  1. 98.1 GPT-5
  2. 97.8 GPT-5 mini
  3. 97.8 o4-mini
  4. 97.8 o3
  5. 97.7 Claude Sonnet 4.5
  6. 97.1 Qwen3-Max
  7. 96.6 DeepSeek-R1
  8. 96.5 o3-mini
  9. 96.4 Claude Haiku 4.5
  10. 95.9 Gemini 2.5 Pro
  11. 95.6 Gemini 2.5 Pro
  12. 95.2 GPT-5 nano
  13. 94.7 o1
  14. 93.0 DeepSeek-R1
  15. 91.2 Claude 3.7 Sonnet
  16. 90.9 Grok-3 mini
  17. 89.9 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B
  18. 89.2 o1-mini
  19. 88.8 Grok 3
  20. 87.3 GPT-4.1 mini
  21. 87.1 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B
  22. 85.0 Claude Opus 4
  23. 84.4 Claude Sonnet 4
  24. 83.5 Gemini 2.0 Pro
  25. 83.0 GPT-4.1
  26. 82.2 Gemini 2.0 Flash
  27. 81.7 o1-preview
  28. 81.6 Mistral Medium 3
  29. 78.6 GPT-4.5
  30. 75.5 DeepSeek-V3
  31. 74.0 Gemma 3 27B
  32. 73.0 Llama 4 Maverick
  33. 70.4 Gemini 1.5 Pro
  34. 70.0 GPT-4.1 nano
  35. 68.9 Qwen3-235B-A22B
  36. 67.2 Qwen2.5-Max
  37. 65.3 Qwen Plus
  38. 64.9 Phi-4
  39. 64.8 DeepSeek-V3
  40. 63.5 Grok-2
  41. 63.2 Qwen2.5-72B
  42. 62.4 LFM2-8B-A1B
  43. 62.3 Llama 4 Scout
  44. 61.9 Gemini 1.5 Flash
  45. 57.0 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024)
  46. 56.2 Qwen-Turbo
  47. 56.1 Qwen2.5-32B
  48. 53.3 GPT-4o
  49. 52.6 GPT-4o mini
  50. 51.7 Claude 3.5 Sonnet
  51. 51.0 GPT-4o
  52. 50.3 Mistral Large 2
  53. 49.8 Llama 3.1-405B
  54. 49.8 GPT-4o
  55. 46.8 Mistral Small 3.1
  56. 46.7 GPT-4 Turbo
  57. 46.4 Claude 3.5 Haiku
  58. 44.8 Mistral Large 2
  59. 44.8 Mistral Small 3
  60. 42.7 Tulu 3 (Tülu 3) 70B
  61. 41.6 Llama 3.3 70B
  62. 40.8 Gemini 1.5 Pro
  63. 40.0 GPT-4 Turbo
  64. 39.4 Llama 3.2 90B
  65. 39.1 Qwen2-72B
  66. 37.5 Claude 3 Opus
  67. 36.7 Llama 3.1-70B
  68. 27.9 Gemma 2 27B
  69. 25.7 WizardLM-2 8x22B
  70. 25.5 Yi-1.5-34B
  71. 25.1 Gemini 1.5 Flash
  72. 24.5 Mistral Large
  73. 24.2 Mixtral 8x22B
  74. 23.0 GPT-4
  75. 22.9 Llama 3.1-8B
  76. 22.7 Hermes 2 Theta Llama-3 70B
  77. 22.6 Llama 3-70B
  78. 21.0 Gemma 2 9B
  79. 18.6 LFM2-1.2B
  80. 18.2 Claude 3 Sonnet
  81. 17.6 phi-3-medium 14B
  82. 15.9 GPT-3.5 Turbo
  83. 14.9 Ministral 8B
  84. 14.9 Claude 3 Haiku
  85. 14.4 Ministral 3B
  86. 11.7 Claude 2
  87. 11.7 DBRX
  88. 11.6 GPT-3.5 Turbo
  89. 11.2 Gemini 1.0 Pro
  90. 10.8 Mistral NeMo
  91. 9.95 Mixtral 8x7B
  92. 6.39 DeepSeek LLM 67B
  93. 6.13 Llama 3-8B
  94. 5.15 Yi-34B
  95. 3.68 Mistral 7B v0.3
  96. 3.29 Llama 2-70B
  1. 1 GPT-5 high 98.1%
  2. 2 GPT-5 mini high 97.8%
  3. 3 o4-mini high 97.8%
  4. 4 o3 high 97.8%
  5. 5 Claude Sonnet 4.5 32k thinking 97.7%
  6. 6 Qwen3-Max 97.1%
  7. 7 DeepSeek-R1 May 2025 96.6%
  8. 8 o3-mini high 96.5%
  9. 9 Claude Haiku 4.5 32K 96.4%
  10. 10 Gemini 2.5 Pro May 2025 95.9%
  11. 11 Gemini 2.5 Pro Mar 2025 95.6%
  12. 12 GPT-5 nano medium 95.2%
  13. 13 o1 high 94.7%
  14. 14 DeepSeek-R1 93%
  15. 15 Claude 3.7 Sonnet 64k thinking 91.2%
  16. 16 Grok-3 mini low 90.9%
  17. 17 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B 89.9%
  18. 18 o1-mini high 89.2%
  19. 19 Grok 3 88.8%
  20. 20 GPT-4.1 mini 87.3%
  21. 21 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B 87.1%
  22. 22 Claude Opus 4 85%
  23. 23 Claude Sonnet 4 84.4%
  24. 24 Gemini 2.0 Pro 83.5%
  25. 25 GPT-4.1 83%
  26. 26 Gemini 2.0 Flash Feb 2025 82.2%
  27. 27 o1-preview 81.7%
  28. 28 Mistral Medium 3 81.6%
  29. 29 GPT-4.5 78.6%
  30. 30 DeepSeek-V3 Mar 2025 75.5%
  31. 31 Gemma 3 27B 74%
  32. 32 Llama 4 Maverick FP8 73%
  33. 33 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 70.4%
  34. 34 GPT-4.1 nano 70%
  35. 35 Qwen3-235B-A22B 68.9%
  36. 36 Qwen2.5-Max 67.2%
  37. 37 Qwen Plus Jan 2025 65.3%
  38. 38 Phi-4 64.9%
  39. 39 DeepSeek-V3 64.8%
  40. 40 Grok-2 Dec 2024 63.5%
  41. 41 Qwen2.5-72B 63.2%
  42. 42 LFM2-8B-A1B 62.4%
  43. 43 Llama 4 Scout 62.3%
  44. 44 Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 61.9%
  45. 45 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 57%
  46. 46 Qwen-Turbo 56.2%
  47. 47 Qwen2.5-32B 56.1%
  48. 48 GPT-4o Aug 2024 53.3%
  49. 49 GPT-4o mini 52.6%
  50. 50 Claude 3.5 Sonnet Jun 2024 51.7%
  51. 51 GPT-4o May 2024 51%
  52. 52 Mistral Large 2 Nov 2024 50.3%
  53. 53 Llama 3.1-405B 49.8%
  54. 54 GPT-4o Nov 2024 49.8%
  55. 55 Mistral Small 3.1 46.8%
  56. 56 GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 46.7%
  57. 57 Claude 3.5 Haiku Oct 2024 46.4%
  58. 58 Mistral Large 2 Jul 2024 44.8%
  59. 59 Mistral Small 3 44.8%
  60. 60 Tulu 3 (Tülu 3) 70B 42.7%
  61. 61 Llama 3.3 70B 41.6%
  62. 62 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 40.8%
  63. 63 GPT-4 Turbo Nov 2023 40%
  64. 64 Llama 3.2 90B 39.4%
  65. 65 Qwen2-72B 39.1%
  66. 66 Claude 3 Opus 37.5%
  67. 67 Llama 3.1-70B 36.7%
  68. 68 Gemma 2 27B 27.9%
  69. 69 WizardLM-2 8x22B 25.7%
  70. 70 Yi-1.5-34B 25.5%
  71. 71 Gemini 1.5 Flash May 2024 25.1%
  72. 72 Mistral Large 24.5%
  73. 73 Mixtral 8x22B 24.2%
  74. 74 GPT-4 Jun 2023 23%
  75. 75 Llama 3.1-8B 22.9%
  76. 76 Hermes 2 Theta Llama-3 70B 22.7%
  77. 77 Llama 3-70B 22.6%
  78. 78 Gemma 2 9B 21%
  79. 79 LFM2-1.2B 18.6%
  80. 80 Claude 3 Sonnet 18.2%
  81. 81 phi-3-medium 14B 17.6%
  82. 82 GPT-3.5 Turbo Nov 2023 15.9%
  83. 83 Ministral 8B 14.9%
  84. 84 Claude 3 Haiku 14.9%
  85. 85 Ministral 3B 14.4%
  86. 86 Claude 2 11.7%
  87. 87 DBRX 11.7%
  88. 88 GPT-3.5 Turbo Jan 2024 11.6%
  89. 89 Gemini 1.0 Pro 11.2%
  90. 90 Mistral NeMo 10.8%
  91. 91 Mixtral 8x7B 9.95%
  92. 92 DeepSeek LLM 67B 6.39%
  93. 93 Llama 3-8B 6.13%
  94. 94 Yi-34B 5.15%
  95. 95 Mistral 7B v0.3 3.68%
  96. 96 Llama 2-70B 3.29%

Sources: Epoch AI runs (CC BY 4.0) and labs’ model cards

#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 GPT-5 98.1% high Aug 2025 Epoch AI run
2 GPT-5 mini 97.8% high Aug 2025 Epoch AI run
3 o4-mini 97.8% high Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
4 o3 97.8% high Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
5 Claude Sonnet 4.5 97.7% 32k thinking Sep 2025 Epoch AI run
6 Qwen3-Max 97.1% Sep 2025 Epoch AI run
7 DeepSeek-R1 May 2025 96.6% May 2025 Epoch AI run
8 o3-mini 96.5% high Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
9 Claude Haiku 4.5 96.4% 32K Oct 2025 Epoch AI run
10 Gemini 2.5 Pro May 2025 95.9% May 2025 Epoch AI run
11 Gemini 2.5 Pro Mar 2025 95.6% Mar 2025 Epoch AI run
12 GPT-5 nano 95.2% medium Aug 2025 Epoch AI run
13 o1 94.7% high Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
14 DeepSeek-R1 93% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
15 Claude 3.7 Sonnet 91.2% 64k thinking Feb 2025 Epoch AI run
16 Grok-3 mini 90.9% low Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
17 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B 89.9% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
18 o1-mini 89.2% high Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
19 Grok 3 88.8% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
20 GPT-4.1 mini 87.3% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
21 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B 87.1% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
22 Claude Opus 4 85% May 2025 Epoch AI run
23 Claude Sonnet 4 84.4% May 2025 Epoch AI run
24 Gemini 2.0 Pro 83.5% Feb 2025 Epoch AI run
25 GPT-4.1 83% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
26 Gemini 2.0 Flash Feb 2025 82.2% Feb 2025 Epoch AI run
27 o1-preview 81.7% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
28 Mistral Medium 3 81.6% May 2025 Epoch AI run
29 GPT-4.5 78.6% Feb 2025 Epoch AI run
30 DeepSeek-V3 Mar 2025 75.5% Mar 2025 Epoch AI run
31 Gemma 3 27B 74% Mar 2025 Epoch AI run
32 Llama 4 Maverick 73% FP8 Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
33 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 70.4% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
34 GPT-4.1 nano 70% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
35 Qwen3-235B-A22B 68.9% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
36 Qwen2.5-Max 67.2% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
37 Qwen Plus Jan 2025 65.3% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
38 Phi-4 64.9% Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
39 DeepSeek-V3 64.8% Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
40 Grok-2 Dec 2024 63.5% Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
41 Qwen2.5-72B 63.2% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
42 Llama 4 Scout 62.3% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
43 Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 61.9% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
44 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 57% Oct 2024 Epoch AI run
45 Qwen-Turbo 56.2% Nov 2024 Epoch AI run
46 Qwen2.5-32B 56.1% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
47 GPT-4o Aug 2024 53.3% Aug 2024 Epoch AI run
48 GPT-4o mini 52.6% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
49 Claude 3.5 Sonnet 51.7% Jun 2024 Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
50 GPT-4o May 2024 51% May 2024 Epoch AI run
51 Mistral Large 2 Nov 2024 50.3% Nov 2024 Epoch AI run
52 Llama 3.1-405B 49.8% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
53 GPT-4o Nov 2024 49.8% Nov 2024 Epoch AI run
54 Mistral Small 3.1 46.8% Mar 2025 Epoch AI run
55 GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 46.7% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
56 Claude 3.5 Haiku 46.4% Oct 2024 Oct 2024 Epoch AI run
57 Mistral Large 2 Jul 2024 44.8% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
58 Mistral Small 3 44.8% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
59 Tulu 3 (Tülu 3) 70B 42.7% Nov 2024 Epoch AI run
60 Llama 3.3 70B 41.6% Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
61 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 40.8% May 2024 Epoch AI run
62 GPT-4 Turbo Nov 2023 40% Nov 2023 Epoch AI run
63 Llama 3.2 90B 39.4% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
64 Qwen2-72B 39.1% Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
65 Claude 3 Opus 37.5% Feb 2024 Epoch AI run
66 Llama 3.1-70B 36.7% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
67 Gemma 2 27B 27.9% Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
68 WizardLM-2 8x22B 25.7% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
69 Yi-1.5-34B 25.5% May 2024 Epoch AI run
70 Gemini 1.5 Flash May 2024 25.1% May 2024 Epoch AI run
71 Mistral Large 24.5% Feb 2024 Epoch AI run
72 Mixtral 8x22B 24.2% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
73 GPT-4 Jun 2023 23% Jun 2023 Epoch AI run
74 Llama 3.1-8B 22.9% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
75 Hermes 2 Theta Llama-3 70B 22.7% Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
76 Llama 3-70B 22.6% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
77 Gemma 2 9B 21% Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
78 Claude 3 Sonnet 18.2% Feb 2024 Epoch AI run
79 phi-3-medium 14B 17.6% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
80 GPT-3.5 Turbo Nov 2023 15.9% Nov 2023 Epoch AI run
81 Ministral 8B 14.9% Oct 2024 Epoch AI run
82 Claude 3 Haiku 14.9% Mar 2024 Epoch AI run
83 Ministral 3B 14.4% Oct 2024 Epoch AI run
84 Claude 2 11.7% Jul 2023 Epoch AI run
85 DBRX 11.7% Mar 2024 Epoch AI run
86 GPT-3.5 Turbo Jan 2024 11.6% Jan 2024 Epoch AI run
87 Gemini 1.0 Pro 11.2% Dec 2023 Epoch AI run
88 Mistral NeMo 10.8% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
89 Mixtral 8x7B 9.95% Dec 2023 Epoch AI run
90 DeepSeek LLM 67B 6.39% Nov 2023 Epoch AI run
91 Llama 3-8B 6.13% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
92 Yi-34B 5.15% Nov 2023 Epoch AI run
93 Mistral 7B v0.3 3.68% Sep 2023 Epoch AI run
94 Llama 2-70B 3.29% Jul 2023 Epoch AI run
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 GPT-5 98.1% high Aug 2025 Epoch AI run
2 GPT-5 mini 97.8% high Aug 2025 Epoch AI run
3 o4-mini 97.8% high Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
4 o3 97.8% high Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
5 Claude Sonnet 4.5 97.7% 32k thinking Sep 2025 Epoch AI run
6 Qwen3-Max 97.1% Sep 2025 Epoch AI run
7 DeepSeek-R1 May 2025 96.6% May 2025 Epoch AI run
8 o3-mini 96.5% high Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
9 Claude Haiku 4.5 96.4% 32K Oct 2025 Epoch AI run
10 Gemini 2.5 Pro May 2025 95.9% May 2025 Epoch AI run
11 Gemini 2.5 Pro Mar 2025 95.6% Mar 2025 Epoch AI run
12 GPT-5 nano 95.2% medium Aug 2025 Epoch AI run
13 o1 94.7% high Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
14 DeepSeek-R1 93% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
15 Claude 3.7 Sonnet 91.2% 64k thinking Feb 2025 Epoch AI run
16 Grok-3 mini 90.9% low Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
17 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B 89.9% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
18 o1-mini 89.2% high Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
19 Grok 3 88.8% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
20 GPT-4.1 mini 87.3% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
21 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B 87.1% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
22 Claude Opus 4 85% May 2025 Epoch AI run
23 Claude Sonnet 4 84.4% May 2025 Epoch AI run
24 Gemini 2.0 Pro 83.5% Feb 2025 Epoch AI run
25 GPT-4.1 83% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
26 Gemini 2.0 Flash Feb 2025 82.2% Feb 2025 Epoch AI run
27 o1-preview 81.7% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
28 Mistral Medium 3 81.6% May 2025 Epoch AI run
29 GPT-4.5 78.6% Feb 2025 Epoch AI run
30 DeepSeek-V3 Mar 2025 75.5% Mar 2025 Epoch AI run
31 Gemma 3 27B 74% Mar 2025 Epoch AI run
32 Llama 4 Maverick 73% FP8 Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
33 Gemini 1.5 Pro Sep 2024 70.4% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
34 GPT-4.1 nano 70% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
35 Qwen3-235B-A22B 68.9% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
36 Qwen2.5-Max 67.2% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
37 Qwen Plus Jan 2025 65.3% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
38 Phi-4 64.9% Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
39 DeepSeek-V3 64.8% Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
40 Grok-2 Dec 2024 63.5% Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
41 Qwen2.5-72B 63.2% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
42 LFM2-8B-A1B 62.4% Oct 2025 Lab model card
43 Llama 4 Scout 62.3% Apr 2025 Epoch AI run
44 Gemini 1.5 Flash Sep 2024 61.9% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
45 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 57% Oct 2024 Epoch AI run
46 Qwen-Turbo 56.2% Nov 2024 Epoch AI run
47 Qwen2.5-32B 56.1% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
48 GPT-4o Aug 2024 53.3% Aug 2024 Epoch AI run
49 GPT-4o mini 52.6% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
50 Claude 3.5 Sonnet 51.7% Jun 2024 Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
51 GPT-4o May 2024 51% May 2024 Epoch AI run
52 Mistral Large 2 Nov 2024 50.3% Nov 2024 Epoch AI run
53 Llama 3.1-405B 49.8% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
54 GPT-4o Nov 2024 49.8% Nov 2024 Epoch AI run
55 Mistral Small 3.1 46.8% Mar 2025 Epoch AI run
56 GPT-4 Turbo Apr 2024 46.7% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
57 Claude 3.5 Haiku 46.4% Oct 2024 Oct 2024 Epoch AI run
58 Mistral Large 2 Jul 2024 44.8% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
59 Mistral Small 3 44.8% Jan 2025 Epoch AI run
60 Tulu 3 (Tülu 3) 70B 42.7% Nov 2024 Epoch AI run
61 Llama 3.3 70B 41.6% Dec 2024 Epoch AI run
62 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 40.8% May 2024 Epoch AI run
63 GPT-4 Turbo Nov 2023 40% Nov 2023 Epoch AI run
64 Llama 3.2 90B 39.4% Sep 2024 Epoch AI run
65 Qwen2-72B 39.1% Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
66 Claude 3 Opus 37.5% Feb 2024 Epoch AI run
67 Llama 3.1-70B 36.7% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
68 Gemma 2 27B 27.9% Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
69 WizardLM-2 8x22B 25.7% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
70 Yi-1.5-34B 25.5% May 2024 Epoch AI run
71 Gemini 1.5 Flash May 2024 25.1% May 2024 Epoch AI run
72 Mistral Large 24.5% Feb 2024 Epoch AI run
73 Mixtral 8x22B 24.2% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
74 GPT-4 Jun 2023 23% Jun 2023 Epoch AI run
75 Llama 3.1-8B 22.9% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
76 Hermes 2 Theta Llama-3 70B 22.7% Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
77 Llama 3-70B 22.6% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
78 Gemma 2 9B 21% Jun 2024 Epoch AI run
79 LFM2-1.2B 18.6% Nov 2025 Lab model card
80 Claude 3 Sonnet 18.2% Feb 2024 Epoch AI run
81 phi-3-medium 14B 17.6% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
82 GPT-3.5 Turbo Nov 2023 15.9% Nov 2023 Epoch AI run
83 Ministral 8B 14.9% Oct 2024 Epoch AI run
84 Claude 3 Haiku 14.9% Mar 2024 Epoch AI run
85 Ministral 3B 14.4% Oct 2024 Epoch AI run
86 Claude 2 11.7% Jul 2023 Epoch AI run
87 DBRX 11.7% Mar 2024 Epoch AI run
88 GPT-3.5 Turbo Jan 2024 11.6% Jan 2024 Epoch AI run
89 Gemini 1.0 Pro 11.2% Dec 2023 Epoch AI run
90 Mistral NeMo 10.8% Jul 2024 Epoch AI run
91 Mixtral 8x7B 9.95% Dec 2023 Epoch AI run
92 DeepSeek LLM 67B 6.39% Nov 2023 Epoch AI run
93 Llama 3-8B 6.13% Apr 2024 Epoch AI run
94 Yi-34B 5.15% Nov 2023 Epoch AI run
95 Mistral 7B v0.3 3.68% Sep 2023 Epoch AI run
96 Llama 2-70B 3.29% Jul 2023 Epoch AI run

Labs report scores for 2 models in their cards. Switch the scores above to rank them together.

12 models have held number one in Epoch AI’s runs since 2023 12 models have held number one with claims included since 2023

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release. We draw one row each for Epoch AI’s runs and what labs claim in their cards.

OpenAI Anthropic Liquid AI
Epoch AI runs Passed 85% in Sep 2024, by o1-mini
GPT-5 98.1%
Lab claims Not tested since Nov 2025
LFM2-8B-A1B 62.4%

Sources: Epoch AI runs (CC BY 4.0) and labs’ model cards

Epoch AI’s run of o1-mini passed 85% in September 2024

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

Run by Epoch AI Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2023 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) GPT-5 o3-mini o1-mini GPT-4o GPT-4 Turbo GPT-4 Turbo GPT-4 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2023 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) GPT-5 o1-mini

Sources: Epoch AI runs (CC BY 4.0) and labs’ model cards

Labs dropped it from launch posts once the best score passed 85%

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

Liquid AI
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
Oct 7, 2025 LFM2-8B-A1B 62.4 MATH Lvl 5

2 system cards report it, from 1 lab

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
Nov 28, 2025 LFM2-8B-A1B technical report 62.4 MATH Lvl 5, LFM2-8B-A1B (Table 7) Capabilities
Nov 28, 2025 LFM2-1.2B technical report 18.6 MATH Lvl 5, LFM2-1.2B (Table 6) Capabilities

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