Benchmark Almanac

MSEB

Gemini 3 Flash 39.2 leads since February 2026
Gemini Embedding 2 73.9 leads since March 2026
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Audio representations from any multimodal system are scored on eight core tasks, including transcription, classification, retrieval, reasoning, segmentation, clustering, reranking and reconstruction.

Google's EmbeddingGemma 2 card reports the Retrieval subset as MRR@10. A follow-up paper in 2026-05 benchmarks LLMs on MSEB. Not the same as MTEB's MAEB.

Made by
Google Research
Released
February 2026
Kind
Audio understanding and voice
Level
Everyday
Scored
Checked automatically
Answers
Short answer
Tasks
All public
Strongest model tested
Gemini 3 Flash #59 on the capability index
Last in a launch post
March 2026, dropped before it saturated
Last model added
October 2026
Scores refreshed
November 12th, 2026

In the authors’ words

Audio is a critical component of multimodal perception, and any truly intelligent system must demonstrate a wide range of auditory capabilities. These capabilities include transcription, classification, retrieval, reasoning, segmentation, clustering, reranking, and reconstruction. Fundamentally, each task involves transforming a raw audio signal into a meaningful 'embedding' - be it a single vector, a sequence of continuous or discrete representations, or another structured form - which then serves as the basis for generating the task's final response. To accelerate progress towards robust machine auditory intelligence, we present the Massive Sound Embedding Benchmark (MSEB): an extensible framework designed to evaluate the auditory components of any multimodal system. In its first release, MSEB offers a comprehensive suite of eight core tasks, with more planned for the future, supported by diverse datasets, including the new, large-scale Simple Voice Questions (SVQ) dataset. Our initial experiments establish clear performance headrooms, highlighting the significant opportunity to improve real-world multimodal experiences where audio is a core signal. We encourage the research community to use MSEB to assess their algorithms and contribute to its growth. The library is publicly hosted at github.

Abstract of Massive Sound Embedding Benchmark (MSEB) (arXiv:2602.07143, CC0)
19
Entries on its own leaderboard, 9 models we track
1
Launch post lists it, from 1 lab
2
System cards report it, from 1 lab

Gemini 3 Flash leads with 39.2 among models released by March 2026

Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Every run is in the next chart. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders.

Gemini Embedding 2 leads with 73.9, claims included

Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.

The newest model with a score here came out in March 2026, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

  1. 1 Gemini 3 Flash 39.2
  2. 2 gemini-embedding-001 asr=truth 35.8
  3. 3 gpt-4o-mini-audio 25.8
  4. 4 Gemini Embedding 2 23.5
  5. 5 gemini-2.5-pro (snapshot unspecified) 20.6
  6. 6 gemini-2.5-flash (snapshot unspecified) 20.2
  7. 7 Gemma 4 E2B 17.9
  8. 8 Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite Sep 2025 17.1
  9. 9 gpt-4o-mini (snapshot unspecified) asr=gpt-4o-transcribe 16.7
  10. 10 gecko asr=truth 14.7
  11. 11 perch 13.8
  12. 12 clap-htsat-unfused 12.1
  13. 13 gpt-4o-transcribe 10.7
  14. 14 scribe-v2 10.2
  15. 15 gpt-4o-mini-transcribe 9.74
  16. 16 Whisper large-v3 9.58
  17. 17 wav2vec2-large-960h-lv60 8.56
  18. 18 Gemma 3 27B asr=truth 7.63
  19. 19 Gemma 4 E4B 6.66

Source: Official MSEB leaderboard

#EntryScoreSettingDateSource
1 Gemini 3 Flash 39.2 Dec 2025 Official leaderboard
2 gemini-embedding-001 35.8 asr=truth Official leaderboard
3 gpt-4o-mini-audio 25.8 Official leaderboard
4 Gemini Embedding 2 23.5 Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
5 gemini-2.5-pro (snapshot unspecified) 20.6 Official leaderboard
6 gemini-2.5-flash (snapshot unspecified) 20.2 Official leaderboard
7 Gemma 4 E2B 17.9 Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
8 Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite Sep 2025 17.1 Sep 2025 Official leaderboard
9 gpt-4o-mini (snapshot unspecified) 16.7 asr=gpt-4o-transcribe Official leaderboard
10 gecko 14.7 asr=truth Official leaderboard
11 perch 13.8 Official leaderboard
12 clap-htsat-unfused 12.1 Official leaderboard
13 gpt-4o-transcribe 10.7 Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
14 scribe-v2 10.2 Official leaderboard
15 gpt-4o-mini-transcribe 9.74 Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
16 Whisper large-v3 9.58 Nov 2023 Official leaderboard
17 wav2vec2-large-960h-lv60 8.56 Official leaderboard
18 Gemma 3 27B 7.63 asr=truth Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
19 Gemma 4 E4B 6.66 Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 Gemini Embedding 2 73.9 Mar 2026 Lab model card
2 EmbeddingGemma 2 69.5 Oct 2026 Lab model card
3 Gemini 3 Flash 39.2 Dec 2025 Official leaderboard
4 Gemma 4 E2B 17.9 Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
5 Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite Sep 2025 17.1 Sep 2025 Official leaderboard
6 gpt-4o-transcribe 10.7 Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
7 gpt-4o-mini-transcribe 9.74 Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
8 Whisper large-v3 9.58 Nov 2023 Official leaderboard
9 Gemma 3 27B 7.63 asr=truth Mar 2025 Official leaderboard
10 Gemma 4 E4B 6.66 Mar 2026 Official leaderboard

Labs report scores for 2 models in their cards. Switch the scores above to rank them together.

Scores at each effort level

Models the leaderboard ran at two or more effort levels. We don’t have enough cost data here to say what the extra effort costs.

Lowest effort to highest, light to dark
Gemini 3 Flash
asr=gpt-4o-… asr=truth
39.2
Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite
asr=truth
17.1
Gemma 3 27B
asr=whisper…
7.63

Source: Official MSEB leaderboard

ModelEffortHarnessScoreCost per taskOutput tokens
Gemini 3 Flash 39.2
Gemini 3 Flash asr=truth 30.5
Gemini 3 Flash asr=gpt-4o-transcribe 27.1
Gemini Embedding 2 23.5
Gemma 4 E2B 17.9
Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite Sep 2025 17.1
gpt-4o-transcribe 10.7
gpt-4o-mini-transcribe 9.74
Whisper large-v3 9.58
Gemma 3 27B asr=truth 7.63
Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite Sep 2025 asr=whisper 7.04
Gemma 3 27B asr=whisper-large-v3 6.69
Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite Sep 2025 asr=truth 6.68
Gemma 4 E4B 6.66

Number one over time 2 models have held number one with claims included since its release in February 2026

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release. We draw one row each for the benchmark’s own leaderboard and what labs claim in their cards.

Google DeepMind
Own leaderboard Not tested since Mar 2026
Lab claims 1 leader

Sources: Official MSEB leaderboard and labs’ model cards

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

On the benchmark’s own leaderboard Reported by the lab in its model card
0.00 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 2024 2025 2026 0.00 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 2024 2025 2026

Sources: Official MSEB leaderboard and labs’ model cards

Labs headline it less often now, last in March 2026

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

Google DeepMind
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
Mar 10, 2026 Gemini Embedding 2 73.9 Gemini Embedding 2, speech to text MSEB mRR@10

2 system cards report it, from 1 lab

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
Oct 6, 2026 EmbeddingGemma 2 model card 69.5 MSEB Retrieval, Mean(Task), MRR@10, full precision, 768d Capabilities
May 1, 2026 Gemini Embedding 2 technical report 73.9 Gemini Embedding 2, speech to text MSEB mRR@10 Other

One lab claim next to the leaderboard

Each score a lab reported for its own model, beside the same model's best score on the leaderboard. Gaps mostly come from different harnesses, effort levels and task subsets. Every benchmark.

Model Lab says Board says Gap
Gemini Embedding 2 73.9 Gemini Embedding 2, speech to text MSEB mRR@10 23.5 Leaderboard +50.4

More in Audio and video

All 232 in Audio and video
  • Video-MMMU In use 300 expert-level lecture videos with questions testing perception, comprehension and adaptation of knowledge. Accuracy. Qwen 3.8 Max 88.7%
  • LVBench In use Hours-long video understanding with multiple-choice questions on reasoning, grounding and summarization. Gemini 4 Argon 91.7%
  • MMVU In use 3,000 expert-annotated questions on videos across 27 disciplines. Multiple-choice and open-ended accuracy. Qwen 3.8 Max 82.4%
  • MLVU In use Multi-task long video understanding (minutes to hours) with multiple-choice and generation tasks. Accuracy. Qwen 3.8 Max 90.8%
  • FLEURS In use Models transcribe read speech in 102 languages built from FLoRes-101 sentences. Model cards usually report word error rate, so lower scores are better. Phi-4-multimodal 4.00%
  • VoiceBench In use Spoken instructions with speaker, environment and content variation. Voice assistant responses scored by GPT judge or rules. Qwen3.5-Omni-Plus 93.1%