TextQuests
Agents play 25 classic interactive fiction games. The score is harmful actions per 100 steps, where lower is better. The board also reports game progress.
Meta reports the harm rate per 100 steps as a safety measure.
- Made by
- Phan et al. (CAIS)
- Released
- July 2025
- Kind
- Video games
- Level
- Everyday
- Scored
- Checked automatically
- Answers
- Agent task
- Tasks
- All public
- Strongest model tested
- GPT-6 Astra #3 on the capability index
- Last in a system card
- June 2026
- Last model added
- September 2026
- Scores refreshed
- November 12th, 2026
In the authors’ words
Evaluating AI agents within complex, interactive environments that mirror real-world challenges is critical for understanding their practical capabilities. While existing agent benchmarks effectively assess skills like tool use or performance on structured tasks, they often do not fully capture an agent's ability to operate autonomously in exploratory environments that demand sustained, self-directed reasoning over a long and growing context. To enable a more accurate assessment of AI agents in challenging exploratory environments, we introduce TextQuests, a benchmark based on the Infocom suite of interactive fiction games. These text-based adventures, which can take human players over 30 hours and require hundreds of precise actions to solve, serve as an effective proxy for evaluating AI agents on focused, stateful tasks. The benchmark is specifically designed to assess an LLM agent's capacity for self-contained problem-solving by precluding the use of external tools, thereby focusing on intrinsic long-context reasoning capabilities in an exploratory environment characterized by the need for trial-and-error learning and sustained problem-solving within a single interactive session. We release TextQuests at https://textquests.ai.
Llama 4 Scout leads with 7.00 among models released by September 2026
Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Every run is in the next chart. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders.
Muse Spark leads with 2.40, claims included
Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.
The newest model with a score here came out in September 2026, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Fable 5.2
-
Gemini 4 Carbon
- Claude Opus 5.5
- GPT-6.1 Sol
- and 11 more
- 1
Llama 4 Scout with clues 7.00
- 2 Kimi K2 (snapshot unspecified) no clues 8.30
- 3 Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite (snapshot unspecified) with clues 10.6
- 4 Claude Haiku 3.5 with clues 10.6
- 5 Qwen 3 Thinking with clues 10.8
- 6 Qwen 3 Instruct with clues 11.0
- 7 GPT-4.1 no clues 11.4
- 8 Gemini 2.5 Flash (snapshot unspecified) no clues 11.7
- 9 GPT-4.1 mini no clues 11.7
- 10 GPT-5 mini no clues 12.0
- 11
Llama 4 Maverick with clues 12.1
- 12 gpt-oss-120b with clues 13.8
- 13 GPT-5.4 Nano no clues 15.2
- 14 DeepSeek R1 (snapshot unspecified) no clues 15.4
- 15 Grok 3 no clues 15.4
- 16 GPT-5.4 Mini no clues 15.4
- 17
Muse Spark 1.1 no clues 15.5
- 18 Gemini 2.5 Pro (snapshot unspecified) no clues 15.9
- 19 Claude Sonnet 4 no clues 16.0
- 20 Claude Opus 4 no clues 16.5
- 21 o3 with clues 17.2
- 22 GPT-5 no clues 17.2
- 23 Grok-3 mini no clues 17.8
- 24
Gemini 3.5 Flash with clues 18.0
- 25 o4-mini no clues 18.6
- 26
Gemini 3.1 Pro no clues 18.8
- 27 Claude Opus 4.1 no clues 19.1
- 28 GPT-5.6 Terra no clues 20.2
- 29 Claude Opus 4.8 no clues 21.0
- 30
Gemini 3 Pro no clues 21.4
- 31 GPT-5.5 no clues 21.4
- 32 GPT-5.6 Luna with clues 22.5
- 33 Claude Fable 5 no clues 23.5
- 34 GPT-5.6 Sol with clues 26.9
- 35 GPT-6 Astra with clues 27.8
- 36 Grok 4 no clues 30.4
Source: Official TextQuests leaderboard
- 1
Muse Spark 2.40
- 2
Llama 4 Scout with clues 7.00
- 3 GPT-4.1 no clues 11.4
- 4 GPT-4.1 mini no clues 11.7
- 5 GPT-5 mini no clues 12.0
- 6
Llama 4 Maverick with clues 12.1
- 7 gpt-oss-120b with clues 13.8
- 8 GPT-5.4 Nano no clues 15.2
- 9 Grok 3 no clues 15.4
- 10 GPT-5.4 Mini no clues 15.4
- 11
Muse Spark 1.1 no clues 15.5
- 12 Claude Sonnet 4 no clues 16.0
- 13 Claude Opus 4 no clues 16.5
- 14 o3 with clues 17.2
- 15 GPT-5 no clues 17.2
- 16 Grok-3 mini no clues 17.8
- 17
Gemini 3.5 Flash with clues 18.0
- 18 o4-mini no clues 18.6
- 19
Gemini 3.1 Pro no clues 18.8
- 20 Claude Opus 4.1 no clues 19.1
- 21 GPT-5.6 Terra no clues 20.2
- 22 Claude Opus 4.8 no clues 21.0
- 23
Gemini 3 Pro no clues 21.4
- 24 GPT-5.5 no clues 21.4
- 25 GPT-5.6 Luna with clues 22.5
- 26 Claude Fable 5 no clues 23.5
- 27 GPT-5.6 Sol with clues 26.9
- 28 GPT-6 Astra with clues 27.8
- 29 Grok 4 no clues 30.4
Sources: Labs’ model cards and official TextQuests leaderboard
| # | Entry | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 7.00 | with clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 2 | Kimi K2 (snapshot unspecified) | 8.30 | no clues | Official leaderboard | |
| 3 | Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite (snapshot unspecified) | 10.6 | with clues | Official leaderboard | |
| 4 | Claude Haiku 3.5 | 10.6 | with clues | Official leaderboard | |
| 5 | Qwen 3 Thinking | 10.8 | with clues | Official leaderboard | |
| 6 | Qwen 3 Instruct | 11.0 | with clues | Official leaderboard | |
| 7 | GPT-4.1 | 11.4 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 8 | Gemini 2.5 Flash (snapshot unspecified) | 11.7 | no clues | Official leaderboard | |
| 9 | GPT-4.1 mini | 11.7 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 10 | GPT-5 mini | 12.0 | no clues | Aug 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 11 | | 12.1 | with clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 12 | gpt-oss-120b | 13.8 | with clues | Aug 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 13 | GPT-5.4 Nano | 15.2 | no clues | Mar 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 14 | DeepSeek R1 (snapshot unspecified) | 15.4 | no clues | Official leaderboard | |
| 15 | Grok 3 | 15.4 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 16 | GPT-5.4 Mini | 15.4 | no clues | Mar 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 17 | | 15.5 | no clues | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 18 | Gemini 2.5 Pro (snapshot unspecified) | 15.9 | no clues | Official leaderboard | |
| 19 | Claude Sonnet 4 | 16.0 | no clues | May 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 20 | Claude Opus 4 | 16.5 | no clues | May 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 21 | o3 | 17.2 | with clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 22 | GPT-5 | 17.2 | no clues | Aug 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 23 | Grok-3 mini | 17.8 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 24 | | 18.0 | with clues | May 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 25 | o4-mini | 18.6 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 26 | | 18.8 | no clues | Feb 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 27 | Claude Opus 4.1 | 19.1 | no clues | Aug 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 28 | GPT-5.6 Terra | 20.2 | no clues | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 29 | Claude Opus 4.8 | 21.0 | no clues | May 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 30 | | 21.4 | no clues | Nov 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 31 | GPT-5.5 | 21.4 | no clues | Apr 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 32 | GPT-5.6 Luna | 22.5 | with clues | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 33 | Claude Fable 5 | 23.5 | no clues | Jun 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 34 | GPT-5.6 Sol | 26.9 | with clues | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 35 | GPT-6 Astra | 27.8 | with clues | Sep 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 36 | Grok 4 | 30.4 | no clues | Jul 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 2.40 | Jun 2026 | Lab model card | |
| 2 | | 7.00 | with clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 3 | GPT-4.1 | 11.4 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 4 | GPT-4.1 mini | 11.7 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 5 | GPT-5 mini | 12.0 | no clues | Aug 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 6 | | 12.1 | with clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 7 | gpt-oss-120b | 13.8 | with clues | Aug 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 8 | GPT-5.4 Nano | 15.2 | no clues | Mar 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 9 | Grok 3 | 15.4 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 10 | GPT-5.4 Mini | 15.4 | no clues | Mar 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 11 | | 15.5 | no clues | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 12 | Claude Sonnet 4 | 16.0 | no clues | May 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 13 | Claude Opus 4 | 16.5 | no clues | May 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 14 | o3 | 17.2 | with clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 15 | GPT-5 | 17.2 | no clues | Aug 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 16 | Grok-3 mini | 17.8 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 17 | | 18.0 | with clues | May 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 18 | o4-mini | 18.6 | no clues | Apr 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 19 | | 18.8 | no clues | Feb 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 20 | Claude Opus 4.1 | 19.1 | no clues | Aug 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 21 | GPT-5.6 Terra | 20.2 | no clues | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 22 | Claude Opus 4.8 | 21.0 | no clues | May 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 23 | | 21.4 | no clues | Nov 2025 | Official leaderboard |
| 24 | GPT-5.5 | 21.4 | no clues | Apr 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 25 | GPT-5.6 Luna | 22.5 | with clues | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 26 | Claude Fable 5 | 23.5 | no clues | Jun 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 27 | GPT-5.6 Sol | 26.9 | with clues | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 28 | GPT-6 Astra | 27.8 | with clues | Sep 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 29 | Grok 4 | 30.4 | no clues | Jul 2025 | Official leaderboard |
Labs report scores for 1 model in their cards. Switch the scores above to rank them together.
Scores at each effort level
Models the leaderboard ran at two or more effort levels. We don’t have enough cost data here to say what the extra effort costs.
Source: Official TextQuests leaderboard
| Model | Effort | Harness | Score | Cost per task | Output tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude Fable 5 | with clues | 36.6 | |||
| Grok 4 | with clues | 31.4 | |||
| Grok 4 | no clues | 30.4 | |||
| GPT-5.6 Sol | no clues | 29.7 | |||
| GPT-6 Astra | no clues | 29.2 | |||
| GPT-6 Astra | with clues | 27.8 | |||
| GPT-5.6 Sol | with clues | 26.9 | |||
| GPT-5.5 | with clues | 26.2 | |||
| GPT-5.6 Terra | with clues | 26.1 | |||
| GPT-5.6 Luna | no clues | 23.8 | |||
| Claude Fable 5 | no clues | 23.5 | |||
| | with clues | 23.0 | |||
| GPT-5.6 Luna | with clues | 22.5 | |||
| Claude Opus 4.1 | with clues | 22.1 | |||
| Claude Opus 4.8 | with clues | 22.0 | |||
| GPT-5 | with clues | 21.8 | |||
| GPT-5.4 Mini | with clues | 21.8 | |||
| | no clues | 21.4 | |||
| GPT-5.5 | no clues | 21.4 | |||
| | with clues | 21.3 | |||
| Grok 3 | with clues | 21.2 | |||
| gpt-oss-120b | no clues | 21.2 | |||
| Claude Opus 4.8 | no clues | 21.0 | |||
| | no clues | 20.7 | |||
| GPT-5.4 Nano | with clues | 20.4 | |||
| GPT-5.6 Terra | no clues | 20.2 | |||
| o4-mini | with clues | 20.0 | |||
| Claude Opus 4 | with clues | 19.2 | |||
| | with clues | 19.2 | |||
| Claude Opus 4.1 | no clues | 19.1 | |||
| | no clues | 18.8 | |||
| o3 | no clues | 18.7 | |||
| o4-mini | no clues | 18.6 | |||
| Claude Sonnet 4 | with clues | 18.4 | |||
| Grok-3 mini | with clues | 18.2 | |||
| | with clues | 18.0 | |||
| Grok-3 mini | no clues | 17.8 | |||
| o3 | with clues | 17.2 | |||
| GPT-5 | no clues | 17.2 | |||
| Claude Opus 4 | no clues | 16.5 | |||
| Claude Sonnet 4 | no clues | 16.0 | |||
| GPT-5 mini | with clues | 15.7 | |||
| | no clues | 15.5 | |||
| Grok 3 | no clues | 15.4 | |||
| GPT-5.4 Mini | no clues | 15.4 | |||
| GPT-4.1 | with clues | 15.3 | |||
| GPT-5.4 Nano | no clues | 15.2 | |||
| gpt-oss-120b | with clues | 13.8 | |||
| | no clues | 13.1 | |||
| GPT-4.1 mini | with clues | 12.2 | |||
| | with clues | 12.1 | |||
| GPT-5 mini | no clues | 12.0 | |||
| GPT-4.1 mini | no clues | 11.7 | |||
| GPT-4.1 | no clues | 11.4 | |||
| | no clues | 7.40 | |||
| | with clues | 7.00 |
Number one over time 2 models have held number one with claims included since its release in July 2025
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
Source: Official TextQuests leaderboard
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Sources: Official TextQuests leaderboard and labs’ model cards
Labs report it only in system cards
We read the headline results of 522 launch posts from 52 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.
One system card reports it
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 12, 2026 | | 2.4 | TextQuests harm per 100 steps, Muse Spark Instant (Figure 46) | Safety |
More in Games and long tasks
- ARC-AGI-3 In use Interactive game environments where agents must explore, infer goals and rules, and act efficiently without instructions. GPT-6 Astra 99.95%
- Orak Fading LLM agents play 12 popular video games across most genres through an MCP interface. Each game scores in-game progress or outcomes, and the board ranks models by their average rank across the games.
Gemini 2.5 Pro 3.90
- MineDojo Fading Agents complete open-ended tasks in Minecraft, such as mining blocks and fighting mobs, from a large simulation suite. Programmatic checks score many tasks.
Seed2.0 Pro 49%
- GameWorld Only in system cards Multimodal game agents play 34 browser games across 170 tasks. Outcomes are checked from the game state. GPT-6.1 Terra 76.8%
- Swarm Bench Only in system cards Models orchestrate agent swarms on complex tasks that benefit from coordinated decomposition and parallel execution. Kimi K3 76.3%
- Anthropic large agent teams tasks Only in system cards Internal 24-hour tasks for teams of 1-100 agents: build a company knowledge base, or formalize a theorem in Lean.