Benchmark Almanac

TextQuests

Llama 4 Scout 7.00 leads since July 2025
Muse Spark 2.40 leads since June 2026
Only in system cards

Agents play 25 classic interactive fiction games. The score is harmful actions per 100 steps, where lower is better. The board also reports game progress.

Meta reports the harm rate per 100 steps as a safety measure.

Released
July 2025
Kind
Video games
Level
Everyday
Scored
Checked automatically
Answers
Agent task
Tasks
All public
Strongest model tested
GPT-6 Astra #3 on the capability index
Last in a system card
June 2026
Last model added
September 2026
Scores refreshed
November 12th, 2026

In the authors’ words

Evaluating AI agents within complex, interactive environments that mirror real-world challenges is critical for understanding their practical capabilities. While existing agent benchmarks effectively assess skills like tool use or performance on structured tasks, they often do not fully capture an agent's ability to operate autonomously in exploratory environments that demand sustained, self-directed reasoning over a long and growing context. To enable a more accurate assessment of AI agents in challenging exploratory environments, we introduce TextQuests, a benchmark based on the Infocom suite of interactive fiction games. These text-based adventures, which can take human players over 30 hours and require hundreds of precise actions to solve, serve as an effective proxy for evaluating AI agents on focused, stateful tasks. The benchmark is specifically designed to assess an LLM agent's capacity for self-contained problem-solving by precluding the use of external tools, thereby focusing on intrinsic long-context reasoning capabilities in an exploratory environment characterized by the need for trial-and-error learning and sustained problem-solving within a single interactive session. We release TextQuests at https://textquests.ai.

Abstract of TextQuests: How Good are LLMs at Text-Based Video Games? (arXiv:2507.23701, CC0)
36
Entries on its own leaderboard, 28 models we track
1
System card reports it, from 1 lab

Llama 4 Scout leads with 7.00 among models released by September 2026

Best score per entry from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on November 12th, 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Every run is in the next chart. Names in gray aren't in our model list: fine-tunes, agent systems, products and older models. They don't count toward leaders.

Muse Spark leads with 2.40, claims included

Best score per model from every source, including labs’ own numbers and claims Epoch AI collected from reports and papers. Labs pick their own settings, so a claim can beat an independent run of the same model.

The newest model with a score here came out in September 2026, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

  1. 1 Llama 4 Scout with clues 7.00
  2. 2 Kimi K2 (snapshot unspecified) no clues 8.30
  3. 3 Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite (snapshot unspecified) with clues 10.6
  4. 4 Claude Haiku 3.5 with clues 10.6
  5. 5 Qwen 3 Thinking with clues 10.8
  6. 6 Qwen 3 Instruct with clues 11.0
  7. 7 GPT-4.1 no clues 11.4
  8. 8 Gemini 2.5 Flash (snapshot unspecified) no clues 11.7
  9. 9 GPT-4.1 mini no clues 11.7
  10. 10 GPT-5 mini no clues 12.0
  11. 11 Llama 4 Maverick with clues 12.1
  12. 12 gpt-oss-120b with clues 13.8
  13. 13 GPT-5.4 Nano no clues 15.2
  14. 14 DeepSeek R1 (snapshot unspecified) no clues 15.4
  15. 15 Grok 3 no clues 15.4
  16. 16 GPT-5.4 Mini no clues 15.4
  17. 17 Muse Spark 1.1 no clues 15.5
  18. 18 Gemini 2.5 Pro (snapshot unspecified) no clues 15.9
  19. 19 Claude Sonnet 4 no clues 16.0
  20. 20 Claude Opus 4 no clues 16.5
  21. 21 o3 with clues 17.2
  22. 22 GPT-5 no clues 17.2
  23. 23 Grok-3 mini no clues 17.8
  24. 24 Gemini 3.5 Flash with clues 18.0
  25. 25 o4-mini no clues 18.6
  26. 26 Gemini 3.1 Pro no clues 18.8
  27. 27 Claude Opus 4.1 no clues 19.1
  28. 28 GPT-5.6 Terra no clues 20.2
  29. 29 Claude Opus 4.8 no clues 21.0
  30. 30 Gemini 3 Pro no clues 21.4
  31. 31 GPT-5.5 no clues 21.4
  32. 32 GPT-5.6 Luna with clues 22.5
  33. 33 Claude Fable 5 no clues 23.5
  34. 34 GPT-5.6 Sol with clues 26.9
  35. 35 GPT-6 Astra with clues 27.8
  36. 36 Grok 4 no clues 30.4

Source: Official TextQuests leaderboard

#EntryScoreSettingDateSource
1 Llama 4 Scout 7.00 with clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
2 Kimi K2 (snapshot unspecified) 8.30 no clues Official leaderboard
3 Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite (snapshot unspecified) 10.6 with clues Official leaderboard
4 Claude Haiku 3.5 10.6 with clues Official leaderboard
5 Qwen 3 Thinking 10.8 with clues Official leaderboard
6 Qwen 3 Instruct 11.0 with clues Official leaderboard
7 GPT-4.1 11.4 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
8 Gemini 2.5 Flash (snapshot unspecified) 11.7 no clues Official leaderboard
9 GPT-4.1 mini 11.7 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
10 GPT-5 mini 12.0 no clues Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
11 Llama 4 Maverick 12.1 with clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
12 gpt-oss-120b 13.8 with clues Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
13 GPT-5.4 Nano 15.2 no clues Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
14 DeepSeek R1 (snapshot unspecified) 15.4 no clues Official leaderboard
15 Grok 3 15.4 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
16 GPT-5.4 Mini 15.4 no clues Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
17 Muse Spark 1.1 15.5 no clues Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
18 Gemini 2.5 Pro (snapshot unspecified) 15.9 no clues Official leaderboard
19 Claude Sonnet 4 16.0 no clues May 2025 Official leaderboard
20 Claude Opus 4 16.5 no clues May 2025 Official leaderboard
21 o3 17.2 with clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
22 GPT-5 17.2 no clues Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
23 Grok-3 mini 17.8 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
24 Gemini 3.5 Flash 18.0 with clues May 2026 Official leaderboard
25 o4-mini 18.6 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
26 Gemini 3.1 Pro 18.8 no clues Feb 2026 Official leaderboard
27 Claude Opus 4.1 19.1 no clues Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
28 GPT-5.6 Terra 20.2 no clues Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
29 Claude Opus 4.8 21.0 no clues May 2026 Official leaderboard
30 Gemini 3 Pro 21.4 no clues Nov 2025 Official leaderboard
31 GPT-5.5 21.4 no clues Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
32 GPT-5.6 Luna 22.5 with clues Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
33 Claude Fable 5 23.5 no clues Jun 2026 Official leaderboard
34 GPT-5.6 Sol 26.9 with clues Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
35 GPT-6 Astra 27.8 with clues Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
36 Grok 4 30.4 no clues Jul 2025 Official leaderboard
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 Muse Spark 2.40 Jun 2026 Lab model card
2 Llama 4 Scout 7.00 with clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
3 GPT-4.1 11.4 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
4 GPT-4.1 mini 11.7 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
5 GPT-5 mini 12.0 no clues Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
6 Llama 4 Maverick 12.1 with clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
7 gpt-oss-120b 13.8 with clues Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
8 GPT-5.4 Nano 15.2 no clues Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
9 Grok 3 15.4 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
10 GPT-5.4 Mini 15.4 no clues Mar 2026 Official leaderboard
11 Muse Spark 1.1 15.5 no clues Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
12 Claude Sonnet 4 16.0 no clues May 2025 Official leaderboard
13 Claude Opus 4 16.5 no clues May 2025 Official leaderboard
14 o3 17.2 with clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
15 GPT-5 17.2 no clues Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
16 Grok-3 mini 17.8 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
17 Gemini 3.5 Flash 18.0 with clues May 2026 Official leaderboard
18 o4-mini 18.6 no clues Apr 2025 Official leaderboard
19 Gemini 3.1 Pro 18.8 no clues Feb 2026 Official leaderboard
20 Claude Opus 4.1 19.1 no clues Aug 2025 Official leaderboard
21 GPT-5.6 Terra 20.2 no clues Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
22 Claude Opus 4.8 21.0 no clues May 2026 Official leaderboard
23 Gemini 3 Pro 21.4 no clues Nov 2025 Official leaderboard
24 GPT-5.5 21.4 no clues Apr 2026 Official leaderboard
25 GPT-5.6 Luna 22.5 with clues Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
26 Claude Fable 5 23.5 no clues Jun 2026 Official leaderboard
27 GPT-5.6 Sol 26.9 with clues Jul 2026 Official leaderboard
28 GPT-6 Astra 27.8 with clues Sep 2026 Official leaderboard
29 Grok 4 30.4 no clues Jul 2025 Official leaderboard

Labs report scores for 1 model in their cards. Switch the scores above to rank them together.

Scores at each effort level

Models the leaderboard ran at two or more effort levels. We don’t have enough cost data here to say what the extra effort costs.

Lowest effort to highest, light to dark
Grok 4
no clues
31.4
GPT-6 Astra
with clues
29.2
GPT-5.6 Sol
with clues no clues
29.7
Claude Fable 5
no clues with clues
36.6
GPT-5.6 Luna
with clues
23.8
Gemini 3 Pro
no clues
23.0
GPT-5.5
no clues with clues
26.2
Claude Opus 4.8
no clues
22.0
GPT-5.6 Terra
no clues with clues
26.1
Claude Opus 4.1
no clues with clues
22.1
Gemini 3.1 Pro
no clues with clues
21.3
o4-mini
no clues
20.0

Source: Official TextQuests leaderboard

ModelEffortHarnessScoreCost per taskOutput tokens
Claude Fable 5 with clues 36.6
Grok 4 with clues 31.4
Grok 4 no clues 30.4
GPT-5.6 Sol no clues 29.7
GPT-6 Astra no clues 29.2
GPT-6 Astra with clues 27.8
GPT-5.6 Sol with clues 26.9
GPT-5.5 with clues 26.2
GPT-5.6 Terra with clues 26.1
GPT-5.6 Luna no clues 23.8
Claude Fable 5 no clues 23.5
Gemini 3 Pro with clues 23.0
GPT-5.6 Luna with clues 22.5
Claude Opus 4.1 with clues 22.1
Claude Opus 4.8 with clues 22.0
GPT-5 with clues 21.8
GPT-5.4 Mini with clues 21.8
Gemini 3 Pro no clues 21.4
GPT-5.5 no clues 21.4
Gemini 3.1 Pro with clues 21.3
Grok 3 with clues 21.2
gpt-oss-120b no clues 21.2
Claude Opus 4.8 no clues 21.0
Gemini 3.5 Flash no clues 20.7
GPT-5.4 Nano with clues 20.4
GPT-5.6 Terra no clues 20.2
o4-mini with clues 20.0
Claude Opus 4 with clues 19.2
Muse Spark 1.1 with clues 19.2
Claude Opus 4.1 no clues 19.1
Gemini 3.1 Pro no clues 18.8
o3 no clues 18.7
o4-mini no clues 18.6
Claude Sonnet 4 with clues 18.4
Grok-3 mini with clues 18.2
Gemini 3.5 Flash with clues 18.0
Grok-3 mini no clues 17.8
o3 with clues 17.2
GPT-5 no clues 17.2
Claude Opus 4 no clues 16.5
Claude Sonnet 4 no clues 16.0
GPT-5 mini with clues 15.7
Muse Spark 1.1 no clues 15.5
Grok 3 no clues 15.4
GPT-5.4 Mini no clues 15.4
GPT-4.1 with clues 15.3
GPT-5.4 Nano no clues 15.2
gpt-oss-120b with clues 13.8
Llama 4 Maverick no clues 13.1
GPT-4.1 mini with clues 12.2
Llama 4 Maverick with clues 12.1
GPT-5 mini no clues 12.0
GPT-4.1 mini no clues 11.7
GPT-4.1 no clues 11.4
Llama 4 Scout no clues 7.40
Llama 4 Scout with clues 7.00

Number one over time 2 models have held number one with claims included since its release in July 2025

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.

Meta
Own leaderboard Not tested since Sep 2026

Source: Official TextQuests leaderboard

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

On the benchmark’s own leaderboard Reported by the lab in its model card
0.00 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 2025 2026 0.00 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 2025 2026

Sources: Official TextQuests leaderboard and labs’ model cards

Labs report it only in system cards

We read the headline results of 522 launch posts from 52 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.

One system card reports it

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
Jun 12, 2026 Muse Spark system card 2.4 TextQuests harm per 100 steps, Muse Spark Instant (Figure 46) Safety

More in Games and long tasks

All 82 in Games and long tasks
  • ARC-AGI-3 In use Interactive game environments where agents must explore, infer goals and rules, and act efficiently without instructions. GPT-6 Astra 99.95%
  • Orak Fading LLM agents play 12 popular video games across most genres through an MCP interface. Each game scores in-game progress or outcomes, and the board ranks models by their average rank across the games. Gemini 2.5 Pro 3.90
  • MineDojo Fading Agents complete open-ended tasks in Minecraft, such as mining blocks and fighting mobs, from a large simulation suite. Programmatic checks score many tasks. Seed2.0 Pro 49%
  • GameWorld Only in system cards Multimodal game agents play 34 browser games across 170 tasks. Outcomes are checked from the game state. GPT-6.1 Terra 76.8%
  • Swarm Bench Only in system cards Models orchestrate agent swarms on complex tasks that benefit from coordinated decomposition and parallel execution. Kimi K3 76.3%
  • Anthropic large agent teams tasks Only in system cards Internal 24-hour tasks for teams of 1-100 agents: build a company knowledge base, or formalize a theorem in Lean.